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pmid: 31327002
pmc: PMC6736046
Abstract Pathological alterations to the locus coeruleus, the major source of noradrenaline in the brain, are histologically evident in early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Novel MRI approaches now provide an opportunity to quantify structural features of the locus coeruleus in vivo during disease progression. In combination with neuropathological biomarkers, in vivo locus coeruleus imaging could help to understand the contribution of locus coeruleus neurodegeneration to clinical and pathological manifestations in Alzheimer’s disease, atypical neurodegenerative dementias and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, as the functional sensitivity of the noradrenergic system is likely to change with disease progression, in vivo measures of locus coeruleus integrity could provide new pathophysiological insights into cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Locus coeruleus imaging also holds the promise to stratify patients into clinical trials according to noradrenergic dysfunction. In this article, we present a consensus on how non-invasive in vivo assessment of locus coeruleus integrity can be used for clinical research in neurodegenerative diseases. We outline the next steps for in vivo, post-mortem and clinical studies that can lay the groundwork to evaluate the potential of locus coeruleus imaging as a biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases.
MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, Aging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnostic imaging [Neurodegenerative Diseases], Neurodegenerative, metabolism [Neurodegenerative Diseases], Biomarkers/metabolism, Medical and Health Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Norepinephrine, methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], PARKINSONS-DISEASE, noradrenaline (NA), biomarker, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, magnetic resonance imaging, Locus Coeruleus/diagnostic imaging, Aetiology, screening and diagnosis, noradrenaline (NA), neurodegeneration, Neurodegenerative Diseases, COGNITIVE RESERVE, Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnostic imaging, HUMAN BRAIN, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Detection, HUMAN SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA, Neurological, Biomedical Imaging, biomarker, Locus Coeruleus, RELAXATION-TIMES, locus coeruleus (LC), diagnostic imaging [Locus Coeruleus], 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, metabolism [Biomarkers], IN-VIVO VISUALIZATION, Norepinephrine/metabolism, 610, metabolism [Locus Coeruleus], Update, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Humans, NEUROMELANIN, Neurology & Neurosurgery, metabolism [Norepinephrine], locus coeruleus, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, NERVOUS-SYSTEM, Brain Disorders, Locus coeruleus (LC); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); neurodegeneration; noradrenaline (NA), noradrenaline, Dementia, Biomarkers, noradrenaline (NA) biomarker, ddc: ddc:610
MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY, Aging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diagnostic imaging [Neurodegenerative Diseases], Neurodegenerative, metabolism [Neurodegenerative Diseases], Biomarkers/metabolism, Medical and Health Sciences, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Norepinephrine, methods [Magnetic Resonance Imaging], PARKINSONS-DISEASE, noradrenaline (NA), biomarker, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, magnetic resonance imaging, Locus Coeruleus/diagnostic imaging, Aetiology, screening and diagnosis, noradrenaline (NA), neurodegeneration, Neurodegenerative Diseases, COGNITIVE RESERVE, Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnostic imaging, HUMAN BRAIN, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Detection, HUMAN SUBSTANTIA-NIGRA, Neurological, Biomedical Imaging, biomarker, Locus Coeruleus, RELAXATION-TIMES, locus coeruleus (LC), diagnostic imaging [Locus Coeruleus], 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, metabolism [Biomarkers], IN-VIVO VISUALIZATION, Norepinephrine/metabolism, 610, metabolism [Locus Coeruleus], Update, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Humans, NEUROMELANIN, Neurology & Neurosurgery, metabolism [Norepinephrine], locus coeruleus, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, NERVOUS-SYSTEM, Brain Disorders, Locus coeruleus (LC); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); neurodegeneration; noradrenaline (NA), noradrenaline, Dementia, Biomarkers, noradrenaline (NA) biomarker, ddc: ddc:610
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