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Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Randomized Controlled Trial: Effects of a Bitter‐Tasting Pea Protein Hydrolysate Intervention With Low Degree of Hydrolyzation on Energy Intake in Moderately Overweight Male Subjects

Authors: Katrin Gradl; Sonja Sterneder; Kristin Kahlenberg; Beate Brandl; Thomas Skurk; Veronika Somoza;

Randomized Controlled Trial: Effects of a Bitter‐Tasting Pea Protein Hydrolysate Intervention With Low Degree of Hydrolyzation on Energy Intake in Moderately Overweight Male Subjects

Abstract

ABSTRACT Optimizing plant‐based protein intake, such as pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs), may aid in obesity management. This study investigated whether PPHs with varying bitterness and degrees of hydrolysis (DH) differently affect satiety in healthy male participants. In a short‐term randomized control trial, 19 moderately overweight men (BMI 25–30 kg/m 2 ) consumed boluses of 75 g glucose plus 15 g PPH (control without PPH; PPH1: less bitter, DH = 35%; PPH2: more bitter, DH = 23%). Upon PPH administration, energy intake from an ad libitum breakfast was reduced by −126 ± 329 kcal ( p < 0.05) in the PPH2 group compared to the control. PPH1 decreased plasma ghrelin and DPP‐4 levels (AUC: −9.4 ± 19.6 and −12.5 ± 24.7, p < 0.05). Gastric emptying was delayed by a mean of 65% ( p < 0.0001) after PPH2 consumption, assessed via 13 C‐Na‐acetate breath test. Bitterness and DH of PPH influence satiety signals differently. PPH1 (less bitter, higher DH) reduces DPP‐4 and ghrelin levels, promoting satiety. PPH2 (more bitter, lower DH) delays gastric emptying, enhancing satiation. These findings highlight the potential of PPHs as functional ingredients in weight management strategies.

Keywords

human intervention study, gastric emptying, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SDG 3 – Gesundheit und Wohlergehen, pea protein hydrolysate, satiety, 303009 Ernährungswissenschaften, 301110 Physiologie, satiation, 301110 Physiology, 303009 Nutritional sciences

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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