A review of results obtained for 65 years of investigations of soil water conducted by A. A. Rode and a team of Djanybek Stationary is provided. The mechanisms of precipitation distribution over the territory during the snow transport and melt waters runoff are revealed. Soil and hydrological constants, such as maximum and minimum water holding capacity, moisture of capillary bounds destruction, and wilting point, were determined. The efficiency of precipitation and summer fallow in arid conditions were evaluated. There also was evaluated the role of vaporous water for trees water supply. The specificities of water regime and water circulation for virgin lands and meliorated solonchak solonetzes, light chestnut soils and meadow-chestnut soils under forest strips were studied. A method of water balance calculation was suggested, including the determination of ground water consumption by plants and then evapotranspiration. A new method of melioration of solonchak solonetzes in dryland conditions was suggested basing on the additional snow accumulation with the help of narrow-row forest stands. There are suggested ways of creation of sustainable agro-forest meliorative complexes and forest pricklies on that territory, characterized by longevity due to optimal snow mass distribution and optimal use of ground waters from fresh water lenses of local topography depressions. The perspectives of investigations of soil waters in semidesert ecosystems in conditions of climate changes and changes in agricultural use of semidesert lands were marked.