
Let \(q\) and \(r\) be real-valued functions in \(L^1(0,l)\) with \(| r| >0\) a.e.\ and consider the Sturm-Liouville problem \[ -y''(x) + q(x) y(x) = \lambda r(x) y(x) \qquad\text{ on}\qquad (0,l), \qquad y'(0) = y'(l) = 0. \] When \(r>0\) a.e., denote the eigenvalues by \(\lambda_1<\lambda_2<\dots\) and the corresponding eigenfunctions by \(y_n\). Then by the classical Sturm oscillation theory, the number of zeros (or the oscillation count) of \(y_n\) in \((0,l)\) is equal to \(n-1\). When the weight \(r\) is indefinite (i.e., takes both signs on sets of positive measure), the spectrum consists of two sequences of real eigenvalues tending to \(-\infty\) and \(+\infty\), and, possibly, finitely many pairs of complex conjugate nonreal eigenvalues; moreover, a finite number of eigenvalues might be nonsimple. The main aim of the paper is to establish a formula for the oscillating count \(\omega_n\) of the eigenfunction \(y_n\) corresponding to the \(n\)th positive eigenvalue \(\lambda_n\) of the above Sturm-Liouville problem in the indefinite weight case. The oscillation count \(\omega_n\) is shown to depend on the algebraic multiplicities of the eigenvalues and their signatures. The proof exploits the Titchmarsh-Weyl \(m\)-function and the Prüfer angle method.
Signature of an eigenvalue, Applied Mathematics, Sturm Liouville operator, Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators, oscillation, Sturm--Liouville operator, Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations, Oscillation theory, Indefinite weight, Sturm-Liouville theory, Linear operators on spaces with an indefinite metric, Computational Mathematics, m-Function, Prüfer angle, Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators, Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations, indefinite weight
Signature of an eigenvalue, Applied Mathematics, Sturm Liouville operator, Eigenvalues, estimation of eigenvalues, upper and lower bounds of ordinary differential operators, oscillation, Sturm--Liouville operator, Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations, Oscillation theory, Indefinite weight, Sturm-Liouville theory, Linear operators on spaces with an indefinite metric, Computational Mathematics, m-Function, Prüfer angle, Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators, Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations, indefinite weight
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