The shape of an anomaly (magnetic or gravity) along a profile provides information on the geometry, horizontal location, depth, and magnetization of the source. For a 2D source, the horizontal location, depth, and geometry of a source are determined through the analysis of the curve of the analytic signal. However, the amplitude of the analytic signal is independent of the dips of the structure, the apparent inclination of magnetization, and the regional magnetic field. To better characterize the parameters of the source, we have developed a new approach for studying 2D potential field equations using complex algebra. Complex equations for different geometries of the sources are obtained for gravity and magnetic anomalies in the spatial and spectral domains. In the spatial domain, these new equations are compact and correspond to logarithmic or power functions with a negative integer exponent. We found that modifying the shape of the source changes the exponent of the power function, which is equivalent to differentiation or integration. We developed anomaly profiles using plots in the complex plane, which is called mapping. The obtained complex curves are loops passing through the origin of the plane. The shape of these loops depends only on the geometry and not on the horizontal location of the source. For source geometries defined by a single point, the loop shape is also independent of the source depth. The orientation of the curves in the complex plane is related to the order of differentiation or integration, the geometry and dips of the structures, and the apparent inclination of magnetization and of the regional magnetic field. The application of these equations and mapping on total field magnetic anomalies across a magmatic dike in Norway shows coherent results, allowing us to determine the geometry and the apparent inclination of magnetization.