
Abstract Background Kabuki Syndrome is a rare and genetically heterogenous condition with both ophthalmic and systemic complications and typical facial features. We detail the macular phenotype in two unrelated patients with Kabuki syndrome due to de novo nonsense variants in KMT2D, one novel. A follow-up of 10 years is reported. Pathogenicity of both de novo nonsense variants is analyzed. Methods Four eyes of two young patients were studied by full clinical examination, kinetic perimetry, short wavelength autofluorescence, full field (ff) ERGs, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). One patient had adaptive optic (AO) imaging. Whole exome sequencing was performed in both patients. Results Both patients had de novo nonsense variants in KMTD2. One patient had c.14843C>G; p. (Ser4948ter) novel variant and the second c.11119C>T; p. (Arg3707ter). Both had a stable Snellen visual acuity of 0.2–0.3. The retinal multimodal imaging demonstrated abnormalities at the fovea in both eyes: hyperreflectivity to blue light and a well-delimited gap—disruption of ellipsoid and interdigitation layer on OCT. The dark area on AO imaging is presumed to be absent for, or with structural change to photoreceptors. The ff ERGs and kinetic visual fields were normal. The foveal findings remained stable over several years. Conclusion Kabuki syndrome–related maculopathy is a distinct loss of photoreceptors at the fovea as shown by multimodal imaging including, for the first time, AO imaging. This report adds to the literature of only one case with maculopathy with two additional macular dystrophies in patients with Kabuki syndrome. Although underestimated, these cases further raise awareness of the potential impact of retinal manifestations of Kabuki syndrome not only among ophthalmologists but also other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with this multisystem disorder.
Male, Fundus Oculi, Visual Acuity, DNA, Hematologic Diseases, Multimodal Imaging, Neoplasm Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Macular Degeneration, Phenotype, Vestibular Diseases, Face, Electroretinography, Retinal Disorders, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Humans; Vestibular Diseases/genetics; Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis; Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology; Face/abnormalities; Hematologic Diseases/genetics; Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis; Hematologic Diseases/physiopathology; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics; Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis; Phenotype; Follow-Up Studies; Male; Female; Electroretinography; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics; Visual Acuity; Multimodal Imaging; Fluorescein Angiography/methods; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; Macular Degeneration/genetics; Macular Degeneration/diagnosis; Macular Degeneration/physiopathology; Neck; Fundus Oculi; DNA/genetics; Exome Sequencing; DNA Mutational Analysis; Macula Lutea/pathology; Time Factors; Adult; Adolescent; KMTD2 gene; Adaptive optics; Autofluorescence imaging; Dystrophy; Kabuki syndrome; Macula; Multimodal imaging; Retinal imaging, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Neck, Follow-Up Studies
Male, Fundus Oculi, Visual Acuity, DNA, Hematologic Diseases, Multimodal Imaging, Neoplasm Proteins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Macular Degeneration, Phenotype, Vestibular Diseases, Face, Electroretinography, Retinal Disorders, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Fluorescein Angiography, Humans; Vestibular Diseases/genetics; Vestibular Diseases/diagnosis; Vestibular Diseases/physiopathology; Face/abnormalities; Hematologic Diseases/genetics; Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis; Hematologic Diseases/physiopathology; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics; Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis; Phenotype; Follow-Up Studies; Male; Female; Electroretinography; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics; Visual Acuity; Multimodal Imaging; Fluorescein Angiography/methods; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; Macular Degeneration/genetics; Macular Degeneration/diagnosis; Macular Degeneration/physiopathology; Neck; Fundus Oculi; DNA/genetics; Exome Sequencing; DNA Mutational Analysis; Macula Lutea/pathology; Time Factors; Adult; Adolescent; KMTD2 gene; Adaptive optics; Autofluorescence imaging; Dystrophy; Kabuki syndrome; Macula; Multimodal imaging; Retinal imaging, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Neck, Follow-Up Studies
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