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“Nobody Pressed Hard, and People Listened to the Message of the Kingdom”. Jehovah’s Witnesses of Sverdlovsk Region: a Historical and Anthropological Study

Authors: Elena Glavatskaya; Nadezhda Popova;

“Nobody Pressed Hard, and People Listened to the Message of the Kingdom”. Jehovah’s Witnesses of Sverdlovsk Region: a Historical and Anthropological Study

Abstract

Статья посвящена истории появления и развития религиозного движения «Свидетели Иеговы» на территории Свердловской области в конце XX – начале XXI в. Это первый опыт академического исследования одного из наиболее закрытых и негативно оцениваемых религиозных сообществ современной России. Работа построена на анализе материалов СМИ, интернет-ресурсов, в том числе официально принадлежащих самим «Свидетелям Иеговы», а также их печатных изданий. Информация, полученная в ходе полевых исследований в 2014–2016 гг., позволила частично реконструировать историю этого религиозного движения в регионе на протяжении нескольких десятилетий, численность его участников, состав и практики. Установлено, что активный рост числа членов и количества групп «Свидетелей Иеговы» на территории Свердловской области происходил со второй половины 1990-х до начала 2000-х гг. Противостояние с представителями православной общественности, начавшееся в середине первого десятилетия XXI в., и ужесточение государственной политики в отношении этого движения привели к усилению замкнутости и отчасти изменили его практики. Установлено, что численность «Свидетелей Иеговы» по области в 2016 г. достигала 3 тыс. чел., самая крупная община – более тысячи человек – сложилась в Екатеринбурге. Основу религиозных практик движения составляли индивидуальное, семейное, а также коллективное изучение Библии во время еженедельных встреч и проповеди. Это религиозное меньшинство осуществляло духовную поддержку и давало ответы на ряд социальных вызовов, с которыми государству, другим деноминациям и обществу пока не удалось справиться.

This article considers the history of the Jehovah’s Witnesses religious movement in Sverdlovsk region between the late 20th and early 21st centuries. This is an attempt to study the most closed and unwanted religious minority in contemporary Russia. The study references mass media materials, websites, including those officially owned by Jehovah’s Witnesses, magazines, and other print media used as instructive materials. The authors also conducted field research, making observations and collecting interviews among Jehovah’s Witnesses in 2014–2016. The information obtained helps them reconstruct the history of Jehovah’s Witnesses in the region and determine their number, social status, age, and gender. The article shows that their numbers grew rapidly in the early 1990s. Active confrontation with the Orthodox Church and the tightening of state policy towards this movement started in the first decade of the 21st century. This brought about the further isolation of the religious group and influenced their religious practices. It is established that the number of Jehovah’s Witnesses in the region reached 3,000 followers in 2016, with the largest community of over 1,000 members being based in Yekaterinburg. The core of their religious practices is the study of the Bible on their own, together with their families, or as part of their weekly gatherings and sermons. This religious minority provides spiritual support and answers to a number of social issues that neither the state nor other denominations have been able to cope with so far.

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Keywords

Jehovah’s Witnesses; religious life in contemporary Russia; religious minority; Urals; Protestantism, «Свидетели Иеговы»; религиозная жизнь в современной России; религиозное меньшинство; Урал; протестантизм

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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