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Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Article
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PubMed Central
Other literature type . 2020
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Real‐time assessment of potential peak local specific absorption rate value without phase monitoring: Trigonometric maximization method for worst‐case local specific absorption rate determination

Authors: Ettore Flavio Meliadò; Alessandro Sbrizzi; Cornelis A. T. van den Berg; Peter R. Luijten; Alexander J. E. Raaijmakers;

Real‐time assessment of potential peak local specific absorption rate value without phase monitoring: Trigonometric maximization method for worst‐case local specific absorption rate determination

Abstract

PurposeMulti‐transmit MRI systems are typically equipped with dedicated hardware to sample the reflected/lost power in the transmit channels. After extensive calibration, the amplitude and phase of the signal at the feed of each array element can be accurately determined. However, determining the phase is more difficult and monitoring errors can lead to a hazardous peak local specific absorption rate (pSAR10g) underestimation. For this purpose, methods were published for online maximum potential pSAR10g estimation without relying on phase monitoring, but these methods produce considerable overestimation. We present a trigonometric maximization method to determine the actual worst‐case pSAR10g without any overestimation.Theory and MethodThe proposed method takes advantage of the sinusoidal relation between the SAR10g in each voxel and the phases of input signals, to return the maximum achievable SAR10g in a few iterations. The method is applied to determine the worst‐case pSAR10g for three multi‐transmit array configurations at 7T: (1) body array with eight fractionated dipoles; (2) head array with eight fractionated dipoles; (3) head array with eight rectangular loops. The obtained worst‐case pSAR10g values are compared with the pSAR10g values determined with a commonly used method and with a more efficient method based on reference‐phases.ResultsFor each voxel, the maximum achievable SAR10g is determined in less than 0.1 ms. Compared to the reference‐phases‐based method, the proposed method reduces the mean overestimation of the actual pSAR10g up to 52%, while never underestimating the true pSAR10g.ConclusionThe proposed method can widely improve the performance of parallel transmission MRI systems without phase monitoring.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

local SAR, worst-case local SAR, Phantoms, Imaging, SAR monitoring, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Full Papers—Computer Processing and Modeling, specific absorption rate, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Journal Article, parallel transmit, Computer Simulation, safety factor, Head

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid