
arXiv: 1907.09166
Let $U_h:\mathbb R^{d}\to \mathbb R^{d}$ be a smooth vector field and consider the associated overdamped Langevin equation $$dX_t=-U_h(X_t)\,dt+\sqrt{2h}\,dB_t$$ in the low temperature regime $h\rightarrow 0$. In this work, we study the spectrum of the associated diffusion $L=-h��+U_h\cdot\nabla$ under the assumptions that $U_h=U_{0}+h��$, where the vector fields $U_{0}:\mathbb R^{d}\to \mathbb R^{d}$ and $��:\mathbb R^{d}\to \mathbb R^{d}$ are independent of $h\in(0,1]$, and that the dynamics admits $e^{-\frac Vh}$ as an invariant measure for some smooth function $V:\mathbb{R}^d\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$. Assuming additionally that $V$ is a Morse function admitting $n_0$ local minima, we prove that there exists $��>0$ such that in the limit $h\to 0$, $L$ admits exactly $n_0$ eigenvalues in the strip $\{0\leq \operatorname{Re}(z)< ��\}$, which have moreover exponentially small moduli. Under a generic assumption on the potential barriers of the Morse function $V$, we also prove that the asymptotic behaviors of these small eigenvalues are given by Eyring-Kramers type formulas.
FOS: Physical sciences, Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs, spectral theory, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory, Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory including creation and destruction operators, metastability, Mathematics - Spectral Theory, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, nonreversible overdamped Langevin dynamics, FOS: Mathematics, Eyring-Kramers formulas, Diffusion processes, Spectral Theory (math.SP), Mathematical Physics, PDEs in connection with statistical mechanics, semiclassical analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
FOS: Physical sciences, Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs, spectral theory, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory, Nonselfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory including creation and destruction operators, metastability, Mathematics - Spectral Theory, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, nonreversible overdamped Langevin dynamics, FOS: Mathematics, Eyring-Kramers formulas, Diffusion processes, Spectral Theory (math.SP), Mathematical Physics, PDEs in connection with statistical mechanics, semiclassical analysis, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
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