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Analytical Sciences
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer Nature TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Raman spectroscopy for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of solid drug formulations of salbutamol

Authors: Syeda Takmeel Zahra; Noor Ul Sabah; Muhammad Irfan Majeed; Haq Nawaz; Nosheen Rashid; Abdulrahman Alshammari; Norah A. Albekairi; +8 Authors

Raman spectroscopy for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of solid drug formulations of salbutamol

Abstract

Inhalable drugs are commonly used to treat different kinds of respiratory disorders, such as asthma, coughing, wheezing, and breathing difficulties. Salbutamol is an inhalable drug which is used to treat symptoms of acute obstructive lungs disease and asthma. In this research, Raman spectroscopy technique has been utilized to determine the quality and quantity of solid dosage forms of salbutamol drug. Eight formulations of solid drug Salbutamol, combination of excipients and API, were prepared and analyzed. The Raman spectral features showed significant change in their intensities as directly related to variation in the concentration of formulation. Raman spectral results were further assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) which are very potent chemometric tools for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of the pharmaceutical drugs. PCA was found to be useful in discriminating the acquired Raman spectra of various salbutamol drug formulations in solid forms of dosage. Furthermore, PLSR model developed for analyzing the quantitative relationship between different formulated solid dosages of salbutamol drug. The prediction of model and the prediction of an unknown drug formulation's concentration is performed by PLSR model. A value of 0.9079 mg was found to be for the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and good fit regression R2 was found to be 0.998. Moreover, API concentration (w/w) of unknown formulation of the drug was found to be 8.90 mg (w/w) having actual concentration of 8 mg (w/w).

Keywords

principal component analysis, Raman spectroscopy, Salbutamol, partial least squares regression, root mean square error of cross-validation, solid dosage forms

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold