The article provides an overview of the cultural flora Telehany region – specific natural and historical region in the Central part of the Belarusian Polesye. With the help of ethnobotanical materials it is established that as of the first half of the XX century 123 species of plants were cultivated here, belonging to 93 genera and 40 families. The diversity and economic use of cultivated plants was directly due to the natural, historical, cultural and socio-economic characteristics of the area. Thanks to the obtained materials, representatives of the cultural flora (Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl), Triticum spelta L.) that have disappeared to date have been identified, the time and ways of introduction of some naturalized plants (Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) W. D. J. Koch) has been established, as well as the intraspecific diversity, local features of cultivation and use of many other species have been assessed.