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Annals of Pure and Applied Logic
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Abstract complexity theory and the Δ20 degrees

Abstract complexity theory and the \(\Delta_{2}^{0}\) degrees
Authors: Schaeffer, Benjamin;

Abstract complexity theory and the Δ20 degrees

Abstract

Principal contributions to \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) sets were made by \textit{J. W. Addison} [``The method of alternating chains'', in: The theory of models, Proc. 1963 Int. Symp., Berkeley, 1--16 (1965; Zbl 0199.01201)], \textit{Yu. L. Ershov} [``A hierarchy of sets. I'', Algebra Logic 7, 25--43 (1968), translation from Algebra Logika 7, No. 1, 47--74 (1968; Zbl 0216.00901); ``A hierarchy of sets. II'', Algebra Logic 7, 212--232 (1968), translation from Algebra Logika 7, No. 4, 15--47 (1968; Zbl 0216.00902); ``The hierarchy of \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) sets'', in: Proc. 4th Int. Congr. Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, Budapest, 1971, North-Holand, Amsterdam, 69--76 (1973)], and by \textit{R. Epstein, R. Haas} and \textit{R. Kramer} [``Hierarchies of sets and degrees below \(0'\)'', Lect. Notes Math. 859, 32--48 (1981; Zbl 0467.03046)]. In the paper under review the author investigates the complexity of \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) sets (\(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) functions) examining their computable approximations in terms based on the Limit Lemma for \(\Delta _{0}^{2}\) functions. For any function \(g: N\rightarrow N\), a function \(f: N\rightarrow N\) is said to be \(g\)-c.e. if there exists a computable function \(h: N\times N\rightarrow N\) such that \(h(x,0)=0\), \(f(x)=\lim_{s}h(x,s)\) and for any input \(x\), the following inequality holds: \(\Delta_{h}(x)=\) cardinality \((\{s:h(x,s+1)\neq h(x,s))\leq g(x))\). The author illustrates how two well-known theorems concerning complexity theory -- A. Borodin's Gap Theorem [\textit{A. Borodin}, ``Computational complexity and the existence of complexity gaps'', J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 19, 158--174 (1972); Corrigendum ibid. 19, 576 (1972; Zbl 0261.68024)] and M. Blum's Speed-up Theorem [\textit{M. Blum}, ``A machine-independent theory of the complexity of recursive functions'', J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 14, 322--336 (1967; Zbl 0155.01503)] (as well as their \(K\)-relativized versions) -- can be elegantly reformulated in the \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) world. Moreover, the reformulations of these results, put forward by the author, give them a more general form than the original ones had. Two notions (among a wide variety of others) introduced by the author, and playing a significant role in the article, are the notion of \(\Delta_{0}^{2} \)-honest function \(f\) and the notion of \(f\)-approximable degree (in both cases keeping in mind that \(f\in\Delta_{0}^{2}\)). A series of hierarchy theorems on complexity bounds are proved or hinted at. The author shows the connection between a fragment of Yu. L. Ershov's difference hierarchy (restricted with \(\omega^{\alpha}\)-c.e. sets) and compositions of \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) functions. In the last section the author obtains some results concerning a hierarchy of \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) generic degrees. Unfortunately, it is impossible to give all the new concepts and results presented in the article within the limits of a review.

Keywords

Complexity of computation (including implicit computational complexity), Logic, Abstract Complexity Theory, Yu. L. Ershov's difference hierarchy of sets, Degrees of unsolvability, \(\Delta_{0}^{2}\) degrees, Hierarchies of computability and definability, Δ20 degrees, generic sets, Other degrees and reducibilities in computability and recursion theory, Abstract complexity theory, degrees of unsolvability, Generic sets

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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