
Abstract This paper discusses a new mapping scheme known as face coded modulation (FCM) system. In FCM, peak energy symbols are mapped onto an innermost ring according to the eight sockets in the human face, that is, brain, mouth, nostrils, eyes and ears. For example, FCM is formed when the constellation diagram from M ‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation ( M QAM) system is modified to reduce peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) by relocating the four corner symbols of the M QAM, with peak energy, to the innermost ring in a way that forms the figure of a cross. Unlike APSK, FCM mapping introduces non‐uniform sequence of symbols on the ring, face width factor and multiple modulator circuits that can be used to lower power requirements for high power amplifiers (HPA) as used in M QAM transmission systems. Symbol error rate (SER) for FCM is calculated and the results compared with M QAM and M PSK. It is shown that at equal energy efficiency, FCM scheme has a better response to errors than both M PSK and M QAM and a better energy efficiency due to lowered PAPR than M QAM. Moreover, the simulation results exhibit a tight match for the proposed analytical framework when assessed under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
Constellation diagram, TK5101-6720, Beamforming Optimization, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques, Bandwidth (computing), Engineering, Additive white Gaussian noise, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Amplitude and phase-shift keying, FOS: Mathematics, Amplifier, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Modulation (music), error analysis, Topology (electrical circuits), Electronic engineering, Physics, Statistics, AWGN channels, Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks, Acoustics, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in Wireless Communications, Computer science, Transmission (telecommunications), QAM, Algorithm, modulation, Filter Bank Modulation, Bit error rate, Channel (broadcasting), Combinatorics, Physical Sciences, Telecommunication, Telecommunications, Energy (signal processing), Decoding methods, Mathematics
Constellation diagram, TK5101-6720, Beamforming Optimization, Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques, Bandwidth (computing), Engineering, Additive white Gaussian noise, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Amplitude and phase-shift keying, FOS: Mathematics, Amplifier, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Quadrature amplitude modulation, Modulation (music), error analysis, Topology (electrical circuits), Electronic engineering, Physics, Statistics, AWGN channels, Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks, Acoustics, Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces in Wireless Communications, Computer science, Transmission (telecommunications), QAM, Algorithm, modulation, Filter Bank Modulation, Bit error rate, Channel (broadcasting), Combinatorics, Physical Sciences, Telecommunication, Telecommunications, Energy (signal processing), Decoding methods, Mathematics
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