This special issue discusses new results, technologies and applications related to the capture, representation, processing, storage, transmission and visualization of 3D geometric and photometric models. The guest editors selected 7 papers from 128 as candidates for this publication. The topics of the accepted papers cover several important problems in the area of 3D vision. The first four papers discuss image registration through keypoint detection and matching. “Physical Scale Keypoints: Matching and Registration for Combined Intensity/Range Images” by Smith et al. presents a method to detect and match keypoints between images for which the depth of each pixel is known. “Interesting Interest Points—A Comparative Study of Interest Point Performance on a Unique Data Set” by Aanaes et al. presents a framework for the evaluation of keypoint detection with ground truth, using the recall rate as main criterion. The conference version of this paper received the Best Paper Award at 3DPVT 2010. “Imposing Semi-Local Geometric Constraints for Accurate Correspondences Selection in Structure from Motion: A GameTheoretic Perspective” by Albarelli et al. discusses the prob-