The article reveals modern approaches to the construction of a methodical system of teaching biology. It has been determined that teaching biology is a branch of pedagogical science that is formed on the basis of pedagogy and biology and is separated into a separate category that considers rational ways of managing the learning process, as a result the mastery of conscious and strong competencies necessary for any educated person takes place. Biology as an educational subject is characterized by the originality of the forms and methods of teaching, which arise from the specifics of the objects of study (living organisms, phenomena of living nature, and their development). The introduction of a methodical system of teaching biology will ensure the formation of modern general biological concepts and a scientific picture of the world among students. A thorough analysis of the concept of a “methodical education system” has been carried out. It is considered as a complex of interrelated goals, principles, content, methods, means, and organizational forms of education, which, based on the interaction of the teacher and students, provides a predicted positive result. The methodological system of teaching biology is considered as a complex dynamic structure containing a set of interconnected components, such as goals, content, forms, methods, and a complex of educational and methodological support. Cross-cutting content lines are the integration of educational content, correlated with key competencies. Their mastery ensures the formation of value and worldview orientations. It has been proven that the methodological system of teaching biology should be based on the principles of providing biological education with new progressive concepts, the introduction of modern advanced technologies and scientific and methodological achievements into the educational process; organic integration of education and science, active use of the scientific potential of research institutions, formation of new ecological foundations of the biological education system; strengthening the popularization and promotion of science; departure from authoritarian pedagogy; introduction of educational and methodical complexes of a new generation. The use of interactive online resources and the use of observations and experimental work are mandatory.