The period of the newborn is the most critical age, characterized by morphological, functional and biological changes that occur due to the transition from prenatal to external environment. The health of newborns depends on the health of the mother, the conditions of prenatal fetal development and the quality of care in the perinatal period. Against the background of the unfavorable demographic situation in Ukraine (decrease in the number of births alive, decrease in the share of children with normal birth weight), the level of birth defects and inherited diseases in newborns remains high. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the organization and quality of medical care for infants with birth defects and surgical diseases in the Dnipropetrovsk region. In the Dnipropetrovsk region, there is a tendency for a consistently high incidence of infants with multiple birth defects. In addition, there is an annual increase in the total number of newborns requiring treatment with the participation of neonatal surgeons. Among infants with birth defects, the high proportion of preterm infants remains, especially with a body weight <1500 g. It is necessary to increase the efficiency of the prenatal diagnosis system, the development of common standards for postnatal diagnosis, intensive care and surgery. To improve the quality of life of children with long-term postoperative complications, it is necessary to build individual programs of medical and social rehabilitation.