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Revista Investigación Educativa
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La potencialidad de la tecnología en la medición del desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños con TEA: un análisis desde parámetros fisiológicos

Authors: Sergio Cored Bandrés; Sandra Vázquez Toledo; Marta Liesa Orús; Sandra Baldassarri;

La potencialidad de la tecnología en la medición del desarrollo de habilidades sociales en niños con TEA: un análisis desde parámetros fisiológicos

Abstract

El uso pedagógico de la tecnología es una realidad y está impulsando un cambio importante en la atención educativa a los niños con necesidades educativas especiales. Sin embargo, pocos son los estudios centrados en cómo verificar el impacto de estas herramientas en las diversas intervenciones que se realizan. En este sentido y con el objeto de evaluar mediante wearables los cambios reales que se producen cuando se interviene en el ámbito de las habilidades sociales en niños con TEA y verificar la potencialidad didáctica de los dispositivos tecnológicos, se plantea una investigación de diseño mixto basada en el método estudio de casos. La muestra ha estado constituida por cuatro alumnos con TEA. La recolección de datos se ha llevado a cabo, por un lado, mediante la observación sistemática de las conductas durante las sesiones de intervención, y por otro, mediante la medición de parámetros fisiológicos (ritmo cardíaco y actividad electrodérmica) a través de un wearable -Empatica E4-, asociándose a estados emocionales de los niños. Los resultados reflejan un aumento del ritmo cardíaco y variaciones en la actividad electrodérmica en situaciones de incomprensión y espera de turnos y un estado más calmado (disminución del ritmo cardíaco) en momentos de fijación de la atención en el dispositivo tecnológico. Asimismo, se observa un descenso en comportamientos no sociales como estereotipias o la mirada perdida y un aumento en conductas sociales. En concreto, aparecen incrementos significativos en la atención conjunta y en el contacto ocular. The pedagogical use of technology is a reality and is driving a major change in educational care for children with special educational needs. In this sense, and in order to analyze and understand the didactic potential of technology in intervention in social skills in children with ASD, a mixed design investigation based on the case study method is proposed. The sample has been made up of four students with ASD. Data collection has been carried out, on the one hand, by systematic observation of behaviors during the intervention sessions, and on the other hand, by measuring physiological parameters (heart rate and electroconductivity of the skin) through a wearable -Empatica E4-, associating those factors with emotional states of children. The results reflect a decrease in non-social behaviors such as stereotypes or lost gaze and an increase in social behaviors. In particular, there are significant increases in joint attention and eye contact. Likewise, increases in heart rate and variations in the electroconductivity of the skin are observed in situations of misunderstanding and waiting for turns and a calmer state (decrease in heart rate) at times of attention fixation on the technological device. All this confirms that the use of technology enables a more effective intervention in social skills in children with ASD.

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Keywords

tecnología de la información, Parámetros fisiológicos, Habilidades sociales, análisis de correlación, Habilidades Sociales, Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC), Social Skills, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), competencia social, Necesidades educativas especiales, estudio de casos, Social skills, Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), fisiología, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Wearables, Alumnos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (ACNEE), :3 - Ciencias sociales::37 - Educación. Enseñanza. Formación. Tiempo libre [CDU], autismo, Physiological Parameters, Parámetros Fisiológicos, medios de enseñanza, CDU::3 - Ciencias sociales::37 - Educación. Enseñanza. Formación. Tiempo libre, Special educational needs, Special Educational Needs, Physiological parameters

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
gold