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Computational Methods and Function Theory
Article . 2004 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Article . 2002
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Fractional Iteration and Functional Equations for Functions Analytic in the Unit Disk

Fractional iteration and functional equations for functions analytic in the unit disk
Authors: Elin, Mark; Goryainov, Victor; Reich, Simeon; Shoikhet, David;

Fractional Iteration and Functional Equations for Functions Analytic in the Unit Disk

Abstract

Let \(\mathcal{P}\) denote the set of all holomorphic functions \(f\) in the open unit disk \(\mathbb D\) with the condition \(f(\mathbb D) \subset \mathbb D\). Then \(\mathcal{P}\) is a topological semigroup with respect to the operation of composition and the topology of locally uniform convergence. Denote by \(\mathcal{I}\) the set of all invertible elements of \(\mathcal{P}\), i.e. \(\mathcal{I}\) is the set of Möbius transformations which map the unit disk \(\mathbb D\) onto itself. A function \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) is called \textit{embeddable} if there exists a family \(\{f^t\}_{t \geq 0}\) in \(\mathcal{P}\) such that \(f^0=\text{id}\), \(f^1=f\), \(f^{t+s} = f^t \circ f^s\) for \(s\), \(t \geq 0\) and \(f^t \to \text{id}\) as \(t \to 0+\) locally uniformly in \(\mathbb D\). Therefore, the map \(t \mapsto f^t\) is a continuous homomorphism of the additive semigroup \(\mathbb R^+ = \{\, t \in \mathbb R : t \geq 0 \,\}\) into \(\mathcal{P}\), and thus \(\{f^t\}_{t \geq 0}\) is a one-parameter continuous semigroup in \(\mathcal{P}\). In this paper, the authors establish criteria for functions \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) to be embeddable. Here, the Abel and Schröder functional equations play an important role. To be more precise some further notation is necessary. Regarding iterates \(f^n\), \(n \in \mathbb N\) of \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) as a dynamical system, one has to consider the nature of fixed points of \(f\). In this connection an important role is played by the classical result of Denjoy and Wolff which asserts that for every \(f \in \mathcal{P} \setminus \mathcal{I}\) there exists a unique point \(q\), \(| q| \leq 1\) such that \(f^n \to q\) as \(n\to\infty\) locally uniformly in \(\mathbb D\). If \(q \in \mathbb D\), then \(f(q)=q\). In the case \(| q| =1\), there exist the angular limits \(f(q) := \lim\limits_{z \to q}{f(z)}\) and \(f'(q) := \lim\limits_{z \to q}{f'(z)}\) with \(f(q)=q\) and \(0 0\) for \(z \in \mathbb D\) and \(e^{-p(0)}=\gamma\). Theorem 2. Let \(f \in \mathcal{P}[1] \setminus \mathcal{I}\). Then \(f\) is embeddable if and only if there exists a solution of the Abel functional equation \[ F \circ f = F+1 \] which is holomorphic in \(\mathbb D\) and satisfies the condition \[ \text{Re}{[(1-z^2)F'(z)]}>0 \] for \(z \in \mathbb D\).

Keywords

Kœnigs function, infinitesimal generator, fractional iteration, Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations, Functional equations for complex functions, embeddability, functional equation, Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable, semigroup of analyitc functions

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
12
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
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