
doi: 10.1007/bf03321854
Let \(\mathcal{P}\) denote the set of all holomorphic functions \(f\) in the open unit disk \(\mathbb D\) with the condition \(f(\mathbb D) \subset \mathbb D\). Then \(\mathcal{P}\) is a topological semigroup with respect to the operation of composition and the topology of locally uniform convergence. Denote by \(\mathcal{I}\) the set of all invertible elements of \(\mathcal{P}\), i.e. \(\mathcal{I}\) is the set of Möbius transformations which map the unit disk \(\mathbb D\) onto itself. A function \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) is called \textit{embeddable} if there exists a family \(\{f^t\}_{t \geq 0}\) in \(\mathcal{P}\) such that \(f^0=\text{id}\), \(f^1=f\), \(f^{t+s} = f^t \circ f^s\) for \(s\), \(t \geq 0\) and \(f^t \to \text{id}\) as \(t \to 0+\) locally uniformly in \(\mathbb D\). Therefore, the map \(t \mapsto f^t\) is a continuous homomorphism of the additive semigroup \(\mathbb R^+ = \{\, t \in \mathbb R : t \geq 0 \,\}\) into \(\mathcal{P}\), and thus \(\{f^t\}_{t \geq 0}\) is a one-parameter continuous semigroup in \(\mathcal{P}\). In this paper, the authors establish criteria for functions \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) to be embeddable. Here, the Abel and Schröder functional equations play an important role. To be more precise some further notation is necessary. Regarding iterates \(f^n\), \(n \in \mathbb N\) of \(f \in \mathcal{P}\) as a dynamical system, one has to consider the nature of fixed points of \(f\). In this connection an important role is played by the classical result of Denjoy and Wolff which asserts that for every \(f \in \mathcal{P} \setminus \mathcal{I}\) there exists a unique point \(q\), \(| q| \leq 1\) such that \(f^n \to q\) as \(n\to\infty\) locally uniformly in \(\mathbb D\). If \(q \in \mathbb D\), then \(f(q)=q\). In the case \(| q| =1\), there exist the angular limits \(f(q) := \lim\limits_{z \to q}{f(z)}\) and \(f'(q) := \lim\limits_{z \to q}{f'(z)}\) with \(f(q)=q\) and \(0 0\) for \(z \in \mathbb D\) and \(e^{-p(0)}=\gamma\). Theorem 2. Let \(f \in \mathcal{P}[1] \setminus \mathcal{I}\). Then \(f\) is embeddable if and only if there exists a solution of the Abel functional equation \[ F \circ f = F+1 \] which is holomorphic in \(\mathbb D\) and satisfies the condition \[ \text{Re}{[(1-z^2)F'(z)]}>0 \] for \(z \in \mathbb D\).
Kœnigs function, infinitesimal generator, fractional iteration, Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations, Functional equations for complex functions, embeddability, functional equation, Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable, semigroup of analyitc functions
Kœnigs function, infinitesimal generator, fractional iteration, Iteration theory, iterative and composite equations, Functional equations for complex functions, embeddability, functional equation, Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable, semigroup of analyitc functions
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