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Cardiovascular risk associated with changes in anticholinergic load on four different scales: a registry-based cohort study of geriatric outpatients

Authors: Johannes Riis; Kristian Kragholm; Marc Meller Søndergaard; Silas Clemmensen; Lene Torp Hansen; Christian Torp-Pedersen; Dorte Melgaard;

Cardiovascular risk associated with changes in anticholinergic load on four different scales: a registry-based cohort study of geriatric outpatients

Abstract

Abstract Background Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic medications are associated with cardiovascular disease. Little is known about how discontinuation of anticholinergic medication affects this association. We investigated how baseline anticholinergic load and change in anticholinergic load associates with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) on four different scales. Methods We included all geriatric outpatients aged 65 and older in Denmark between January 2011 and December 2018. Data were sourced from Danish national registries. Anticholinergic drug exposure was assessed at first contact to the outpatient clinic (baseline) and changes were assessed at 180 days after outpatient contact. Anticholinergic scales were the CRIDECO Anticholinergic Load Scale, Anticholinergic Drugs Scale, Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden and a scale by the Danish Institute of Rational Pharmacotherapy. Multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate the 1- and 5-year risk of MACE by baseline anticholinergic load and changes in anticholinergic load after 180 days. Results We included a total of 64 378 patients in the analysis of baseline anticholinergic load and 54 010 patients remained after 180 days for inclusion in the analysis of change in anticholinergic load. At baseline the mean age was 81.7 year (SD 7.5) and 68% were women. Higher level of anticholinergic load on any scale associated with greater risk of MACE in a dose response pattern. There were no association between reduction in anticholinergic load and risk of MACE. Conclusion While anticholinergic load at baseline was associated with MACE, reducing anticholinergic load did not lower the risk of MACE indicating the association may not be causal.

Keywords

cardiovascular risk, Male, Denmark, Risk Assessment, Cholinergic Antagonists, older people, Cohort Studies, deprescribing, Geriatric Assessment/methods, anticholinergic, Outpatients, Humans, Registries, Geriatric Assessment, Cholinergic Antagonists/adverse effects, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology, Outpatients/statistics & numerical data, Denmark/epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Female, geriatric outpatients

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
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