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Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
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Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
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Photoprotection conferred by low level summer sunlight exposures against pro-inflammatory UVR insult

Authors: Felton, S.J.; Shih, B.B.; Watson, R.E.B.; Kift, R.; Webb, A.R.; Rhodes, L.E.;

Photoprotection conferred by low level summer sunlight exposures against pro-inflammatory UVR insult

Abstract

Tanning (melanisation and epidermal thickening) is a photoprotective response to solar UVR exposure, but it’s unclear to what degree low-level exposures induce this in light-skin individuals, or whether this modifies the histological inflammatory response to UVR. Objectives were to examine if, in light-skin people, a simulated summer’s casual sunlight exposures induces (i) melanogenesis, (ii) epidermal thickening and (iii) demonstrable protection against both clinical (erythema) and histological (neutrophil infiltration) impacts of higher-level, pro-inflammatory UVR challenge. A UVR intervention study was designed to simulate a summer’s brief sunlight exposures (95% UVA, 5% UVB) as can provide sufficient vitamin D. Ten healthy adults of phototype II, median 47y (range 30-59y), 2 male/8 female, received 1.3 SED 3x weekly for 6 weeks, and were subsequently challenged with 2x personal MED of UVB on small areas of UVR-exposed and UVR-protected buttock skin. Skin erythema and pigmentation were measured spectrophotometrically. Punch biopsies were taken from (i) unexposed skin (ii) skin following the x18 low-level UVR exposures and (iii) skin at 24h following the 2xMED challenge, with skin sections evaluated for epidermal thickness, and for neutrophil infiltration by immunohistochemistry. The 6-weeks’ UVR exposures significantly increased skin pigmentation, skin lightness (L*) reducing from 69.37 (SD 2.8) to 65.52 (2.33) at course-end (p<0.001), and stratum corneum thickness rising from 29.3 (9.59) to 41.5 (12.7)µm (p<0.05); there was no influence on neutrophil numbers. Following the pro-inflammatory (2x MED) UVR challenge, there was a small (18%) reduction in erythema but a proportionately greater (71%) reduction in neutrophil infiltration in skin prior-exposed to the UVR course compared with photoprotected skin (both p<0.05). Thus, findings add to information on risk-benefit of low-level sunlight exposure. Even very light-skin people show measurable although modest photoprotective responses to repeated low-dose UVR; greater impact is seen on histological than clinical inflammation.

Keywords

Adult, Inflammation, Male, Sunbathing, Ultraviolet Rays, Inflammation/etiology, 610, Skin Pigmentation, Middle Aged, Sunlight/adverse effects, Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects, Sunlight, Humans, Female, Seasons, Skin Pigmentation/radiation effects

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
7
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid