Samples of oils from seeds of wild-growing plants (Elaeagnus angustifoli, Xanthium strumarium, Nelumbo nucifera) and cultivated plants (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Volzhskoye 51 and Amaranthus cruentus sort Kharkiv 1) in the Astrakhan region, were obtained using supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide in the presence of ethanol as co-solvent. The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions of plant seeds is determined by gas chromatography after conversion to methyl esters of the corresponding fatty acids. The main component of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Xanthium strumarium, Nelumbo nucifera, Amaranthus cruentus and Sorghum bicolor (L.) seed oil is linoleic acid. In addition to it, decadieneal (3.4%), linoleic acid propyl ester (5.7%), 2.5-pentadecadiene-1-ol (0.7%), and 9-oxononanoic acid (1.5%), related to oxygenated acids, were identified. The highest ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated (8.06: 1) is characteristic of the seeds of Elaeagnus angustifoli. A distinctive feature of Amaranthus cruentus seed oil is a high squalene content (6.9%). Peculiarities of the component composition of the oil of the narrow-leaved loch seed are probably due to the soil-climatic conditions of growth and the allelopathic influence of biocenoses.