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Ядерно-активационные аналитические методы и рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ в применении к определению токсичных элементов и микроэлементов в пищевых продуктах и характеристике биокинетики наночастиц

Nuclear activation analytical methods and X-ray fluorescence analysis in applicationto determination of pollutants and trace elements in food and for studying biokinetics of nanoparticles
Authors: V. F. Demin; A A Antsiverova; V. Yu. Soloviev; Vyacheslav A. Demin;

Ядерно-активационные аналитические методы и рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ в применении к определению токсичных элементов и микроэлементов в пищевых продуктах и характеристике биокинетики наночастиц

Abstract

For assurance of food quality and safety, it is necessary to control routes of food pollutants, including toxic trace elements in all stages of handling, ranging from the production of agricultural products, including the processing, storage, transportation, and ending with cooking and consumption. For this control the nuclear activation analytical methods (NAAMs) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA) are studied and developed for the detection of chemical elements in different environments. NAAMs involve two stages: the activation of nuclear isotopes with thermal neutrons or fast charged particles and gamma spectrometry. XRFA technique is based on detecting characteristic fluorescent X-rays of elements. Interest in these methods is due to the relative simplicity of the analysis, the ability to provide the required sensitivity and accuracy of detection of chemical elements. The main objective of the research work is to demonstrate the potential of these techniques for controlling the quality and safety of food products and for research of trace elements’ biokinetics with achieving the required accuracy (no worse than 15%) and sensitivity (below the permissible concentrations of harmful substances) and to prepare them for the practical application. Both methods complement each other in terms of expanding the list of detected chemical elements and choosing the best option in the analysis depending on the type of the test sample and readiness of technical means. In addition to the analysis of NAAMs and XRFA capabilities two different but partly connected research options were performed using NAAMs: 1) control of food quality and safety; 2) research of biokinetics of nanoparticles (NPs), incoming with food and water into laboratory animals with special attention to overcoming biological barriers. One of the important result is the demonstration of overcoming the blood/brain barrier by silver NPs when they are ingested into the animals with food or water, and possibility of their accumulation in brains with extremely low excretion (x 6% per month).

Для обеспечения качества и безопасности пищевых продуктов необходимо исследовать пути загрязняющих веществ, в том числе токсичных микроэлементов, на всех этапах обращения с ними, начиная от производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, включая ее переработку, хранение, транспортировку, и заканчивая приготовлением пищи и потреблением. Для этих исследований развиваются ядерно-активационные аналитические методы (ЯААМ) и рентгенофлуоресцентный анализ (РФА) для определения химических элементов в разных средах. ЯААМ включают 2 стадии: ядерную активацию изотопов тепловыми нейтронами или быстрыми заряженными частицами и гамма-спектрометрию. РФA основан на методе детектирования флуоресцентного характеристического рентгеновского излучения элементов. Интерес к этим методам обусловлен относительной простотой анализа, возможностью обеспечить необходимую чувствительность и точность детектирования химических элементов. Основная цель работы продемонстрировать возможности этих методов для контроля качества пищевых продуктов и исследования биокинетики микроэлементов в части достижения необходимой точности (не более 15%) и чувствительности (ниже допустимых концентраций токсичных элементов). Оба этих метода дополняют друг друга в плане расширения списка детектируемых химических элементов и выбора оптимального варианта анализа в зависимости от искомого элемента, вида исследуемого образца и готовности технических средств. Кроме анализа возможностей ЯААМ и РФА, два разных, но частично связанных варианта исследования были выполнены с использованием ЯААМ: 1) тестовые исследования содержания токсичных микроэлементов в образцах пищевых продуктов методом ЯААМ; 2) исследование биокинетики наночастиц (НЧ), поступающих с пищей и водой, у лабораторных животных с особым вниманием к преодолению биологических барьеров. Одним из важных результатов является демонстрация преодоления гематоэнцефалического барьера мозга НЧ серебра при их поступлении в организм животного с пищей или водой, возможности их накопления в мозге с чрезвычайно низкой скоростью экскреции (x6% в месяц).

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Keywords

РЕНТГЕНОВСКАЯ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНЦИЯ, X-RAY FLUORESCENCE, FOOD QUALITY CONTROL, ЯДЕРНАЯ АКТИВАЦИЯ, ГАММА-СПЕКТРОСКОПИЯ, БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ, BIOKINETICS, БИОКИНЕТИКА, МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТЫ, SAFETY, NANOPARTICLES, NUCLEAR ACTIVATION, GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY, TRACE ELEMENTS, КОНТРОЛЬ КАЧЕСТВА ПИЩЕВЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ, НАНОЧАСТИЦЫ

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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