
arXiv: 2509.03098
Many signature applications-such as root certificates, secure software updates, and authentication protocols-involve long-lived public keys that are transferred or installed once and then used for many verifications. This key longevity makes post-quantum signature schemes with conservative assumptions (e.g., structure-free lattices) attractive for long-term security. But many such schemes, especially those with short signatures, suffer from extremely large public keys. Even in scenarios where bandwidth is not a major concern, large keys increase storage costs and slow down verification. We address this with a method to replace large public keys in GPV-style signatures with smaller, private verification keys. This significantly reduces verifier storage and runtime while preserving security. Applied to the conservative, short-signature schemes Wave and Squirrels, our method compresses Squirrels-I keys from 665 kB to 20.7 kB and Wave822 keys from 3.5 MB to 207.97 kB.
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Post-quantum cryptography, Cryptography and Security, Latticebased cryptography, Compressed GPV, Digital Signatures, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Code-based cryptography, [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Post-quantum cryptography, Cryptography and Security, Latticebased cryptography, Compressed GPV, Digital Signatures, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Code-based cryptography, [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
