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Formal verification of a program obfuscation based on mixed Boolean-arithmetic expressions

Authors: Blazy, Sandrine; Hutin, Rémi;

Formal verification of a program obfuscation based on mixed Boolean-arithmetic expressions

Abstract

The insertion of expressions mixing arithmetic operators and bitwise boolean operators is a widespread protection of sensitive data in source programs. This recent advanced ob-fuscation technique is one of the less studied among program obfuscations even if it is commonly found in binary code. In this paper, we formally verify in Coq this data obfuscation. It operates over a generic notion of mixed boolean-arithmetic expressions and on properties of bitwise operators operating over machine integers. Our obfuscation performs two kinds of program transformations: rewriting of expressions and insertion of modular inverses. To facilitate its proof of cor-rectness, we define boolean semantic tables, a data structure inspired from truth tables. Our obfuscation is integrated into the CompCert formally verified compiler where it operates over Clight programs. The automatic extraction of our program obfuscator into OCaml yields a program with competitive results.

Keywords

CompCert verified compiler, Operational semantics, CCS Concepts • Theory of computation → Program verification, program obfuscation, • Software and its en-gineering → Software verification, Keywords bitwise arithmetic, [INFO.INFO-PL] Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
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    impulse
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
8
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green