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Prevalence of HIV-related stigma among people with HIV in Switzerland: addressing the elephant in the room

Authors: Kampouri, E.; Damas, J.; Kusejko, K.; Ledergerber, B.; Braun, D.; Tshikung, O. N.; Hachfeld, A.; +9 Authors

Prevalence of HIV-related stigma among people with HIV in Switzerland: addressing the elephant in the room

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-related stigma among people with HIV (PWH) in Switzerland Design: A cross-sectional multicenter study nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Methods: We included adult PWH enrolled in the SHCS, attending follow-up between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Inability to speak English, French, German, or Italian was the only exclusion criterion. Participants were invited to complete a validated 12-item HIV-stigma questionnaire comprising four stigma subscales (negative self-image, personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, and concerns regarding public attitudes), plus two healthcare-related stigma items. Questionnaire responses were graded using a four-point Likert-type scale, higher scores indicating higher stigma. “Non-applicable,” inferring HIV-status non-disclosure, was possible for personalized stigma; stigma scores from participants answering “non-applicable” to at least one item were analyzed separately. Factors associated with HIV-stigma were identified through multivariable linear models. Results: Of 9643 PWH with a SHCS visit, 5563 participated in the study: 26% were female, 13% Black, and 37% heterosexual; median age was 53 years (interquartile range 44–59); 2067 participants (37%) gave at least one “non-applicable” response. Disclosure concerns had the highest stigma scores and were reported by 4656/5563 (84%). HIV-stigma was reported across all demographic groups. However, being female, Black, and heterosexual were independently associated with higher scores. Higher education and longer follow-up duration were associated with lower scores. Healthcare-related stigma was reported in 37% of participants. Conclusion: HIV-stigma was prevalent across all demographic groups. The association with being female and Black suggests that HIV-stigma accentuates preexisting sex and race inequalities.

Country
Switzerland
Keywords

Male, Adult, Epidemiology and Social, Social Stigma, 610 Medicine & health, HIV Infections, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Switzerland, Humans; Female; Male; HIV Infections/psychology; HIV Infections/epidemiology; Social Stigma; Middle Aged; Switzerland/epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; Prevalence; Surveys and Questionnaires

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid