
Let \(a_n(G)\) be the number of subgroups of index \(n\) in a group \(G\). The author presents a positive solution to a problem posed by \textit{A. Shalev} [Int. J. Algebra Comput. 7, No. 1, 77-91 (1997; Zbl 0876.20017)] proving that for a residually-finite group the following are equivalent: (1) \(a_n(G)2,\) the pro-\(\{2,p\}\) dihedral group \(G=\langle -1\rangle\ltimes\mathbb{Z}_p\) satisfies \(a_n(G)\leq n\) for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), but does not have a central subgroup of finite index; moreover for every positive real number \(\varepsilon\) there exist a prime \(p\) and a non-soluble pro-\(p\) group \(G\) such that \(a_{p^n}(G)<(1+\varepsilon)p^n\) for almost all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\).
subgroup growth, numbers of subgroups, Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth, finitely generated residually finite groups, finite cyclic quotients, subgroups of finite index, profinite groups, central cyclic subgroups of finite index, Limits, profinite groups, pro-\(p\) groups, Residual properties and generalizations; residually finite groups
subgroup growth, numbers of subgroups, Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth, finitely generated residually finite groups, finite cyclic quotients, subgroups of finite index, profinite groups, central cyclic subgroups of finite index, Limits, profinite groups, pro-\(p\) groups, Residual properties and generalizations; residually finite groups
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