Low hair cortisol concentration and emerging attention‐deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in preschool age
Copyright policy )Low hair cortisol concentration and emerging attention‐deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in preschool age
AbstractPrevious research demonstrated hypoactivity of the HPA axis in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or externalizing symptoms. We analyzed the predictive association between the long‐term HPA axis activity and increasing symptoms of ADHD in the preschool period. The sample consisted of n = 125 4‐year‐old children and their families (including n = 64 children with elevated ADHD symptoms). ADHD symptoms were assessed by a structured clinical interview with the mother and by parent‐ and teacher‐report questionnaires. The long‐term HPA axis activity was assessed by the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) (over a 3‐month period). After controlling for potential confounders, low HCC predicted an increase in ADHD symptoms between the age of 4 and 5 years. Exploration of gender effects revealed that cross‐sectional and predictive associations were significant in boys but not in girls. Low HCC might thus be regarded as an early marker of a possibly gender‐related developmental pathway to ADHD.
- University of Vienna Austria
- Philipps-University of Marburg Germany
- University of Tübingen Germany
Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, STRESS, SALIVARY, Hydrocortisone, Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism, CHILDHOOD, Pituitary-Adrenal System, HYPERACTIVITY, CHILDREN, Hydrocortisone/metabolism, BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS, 501010 Klinische Psychologie, Sex Factors, HPA axis activity, attention deficits hyperactivity disorder, ADVERSITY, MENTAL-DISORDERS, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism, Humans, preschool age, Child, Preschool, PATHWAYS, Hair/chemistry, Prognosis, 501010 Clinical psychology, externalizing behavior problems, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, CONDUCT DISORDER, Child, Preschool, Female, Hair
Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, STRESS, SALIVARY, Hydrocortisone, Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism, CHILDHOOD, Pituitary-Adrenal System, HYPERACTIVITY, CHILDREN, Hydrocortisone/metabolism, BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS, 501010 Klinische Psychologie, Sex Factors, HPA axis activity, attention deficits hyperactivity disorder, ADVERSITY, MENTAL-DISORDERS, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/metabolism, Humans, preschool age, Child, Preschool, PATHWAYS, Hair/chemistry, Prognosis, 501010 Clinical psychology, externalizing behavior problems, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, CONDUCT DISORDER, Child, Preschool, Female, Hair
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