This article examines the prerequisites and the prosedure of gagauzes’ relocation from the Balkans to the south of the Bessarabian region, and also their political and legal status. The analysis of the archival and statistical documents on the history of the Bessarabian region in the 19th century allows to make the conclusion that the relocation and settlement of the gagauzes in the south of the Bessarabian region had been performed at five stages. The factors are stated both objective and subjective of the traditional development of gagauzes in the field of agricultural production, as well as in the market production. The article analyses the development of the cultural and spiritual life of the Danube settlers in a multi-ethnic environment of the Bessarabian region.