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Evaluación preliminar de toxicidad, genotoxicidad y actividad antimicrobiana de Sida rhombifolia L. Preliminary evaluation of Sida rhombifolia L. toxicity, genotoxicity and antimicrobial activity

Authors: Brugés Keile; Reguero Reza María Teresa;

Evaluación preliminar de toxicidad, genotoxicidad y actividad antimicrobiana de Sida rhombifolia L. Preliminary evaluation of Sida rhombifolia L. toxicity, genotoxicity and antimicrobial activity

Abstract

La actual predisposición a consumir productos naturales y, en muchas regiones, la difícil disponibilidad y accesibilidad a los medicamentos han llevado a las poblaciones del mundo a buscar otras alternativas para aliviar sus dolencias. Una de las más difundidas ha sido el regreso a la medicina ancestral, lo cual ha provocado un aumento en el consumo de fitoterapéuticos. En Colombia, el uso de los fitomedicamentos está muy extendido y, dentro de ellos, en esta investigación se seleccionó la planta Sida rhombifolia L. a la cual se le realizó la evaluación de la toxicidad de extractos y fracciones utilizando como organismos de prueba Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuata y Artemia salina. La actividad biológica fue evaluada mediante la prueba de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos y la genotoxicidad con el ensayo Cometa. Los ensayos de toxicidad aguda con los organismos de prueba muestran que los extractos acuosos son prácticamente no tóxicos (CL50 >1000 ppm), lo cual sugiere que su uso en forma de infusión es seguro. Los extractos etanólicos y las fracciones de acetato de etilo y cloroformo presentaron actividad antimicrobiana frente a Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa que puede ser atribuida a los metabolitos secundarios (terpenoides, flavonoides) que están presentes en esta especie. Los extractos etanólicos presentaron una importante actividad genotóxica sobre los linfocitos en el ensayo Cometa, siendo el extracto etanólico de raíces el que presenta mayor genotoxicidad (CL50 35 ppm). Es importante señalar que el extracto acuoso de hojas presenta una baja genotoxicidad (CL50 900 ppm), lo cual es relevante si se toma en consideración que es la parte de la planta tradicionalmente utilizada por las comunidades indígenas ubicadas en la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The current tendency to consume more natural products and difficult availability of and access to medicines in many regions has led the world’s population to seek other alternatives for relieving their ailments. A return to ancestral medicine has been one of the most widely used alternatives in Colombia, provoking increased phytotherapeutic consumption. The Sida rhombifolia L. plant was selected for this investigation; Daphnia magna, Hydra attenuata and Artemia salina extracts and fractions were used as test organisms for toxicity evaluation. Biological activity was evaluated by sensitivity to antimicrobial test and genotoxicity by Comet assay. Acute toxicity with test organisms showed that aqueous extracts were practically non-toxic (CL50 >1,000 ppm), suggesting that they can be safely used in infusions. Ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions revealed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; this could have been due to secondary metabolites (terpenoids, flavonoids) present in these species. Ethanol extracts presented important genotoxicity (CL50 35 ppm); it is worth pointing out that the leaves’ aqueous extracts displayed low genotoxicity (CL50 900 ppm) which is important when taking into account that they are the part of the plant traditionally used by indigenous communities located in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia.

Keywords

Sida sp, plantas medicinales, bioensayos de toxicidad, toxicity bioassays, TP248.13-248.65, medicinal plants, Biotechnology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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