The article “The values and value orientations” deals with the concepts of values, value orientations and value-systems. The work contains introduction, definition of values and value orientations, the theory of value and value-systems, historical development of value-systems, general review of previous research on values and value orientation, and conclusion. The author’s argumentation goes in direction of demonstration of the advantages of primary values over secondary values, with the focus on their adoption by the younger population during the process of education that should form strong, non-conformist personalities. The work emphasizes the irreplaceable role of family, school and discusses the challenges of the environment.