The Characteristics of Rural Guinea Fowl Numida meleagris Breeding System in the Centre of Burkina Faso. The characteristics of rural guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) breeding system in the centre of Burkina Faso are presented through a formal investigation. This activity is exclusively practised by men 32 or more years old. For reproduction and sale, 40.2% and 39.2% of the flock are respectively used. For gifts, 11.4% are used and for self-consumption 9.2%. The male reaches his sexual maturity at 6.2 ± 0.6 months and the female at 7.1 ± 1.8 months. The female lays 103.8 ± 9.6 eggs per year. Her laying career duration is 3.0 ± 0.6 years. The numerical productivity is about 5.3 ± 1.2 adults per female per year. The sex-ratio in the livestock farming is 2.3 ± 1.1 females per 1 male. The hatchery rates of 75.0% and 90.0% are observed respectively during the dry and rainy seasons. The incubation is made with 25 to 30 eggs per hen per hatchery. The keets leave the hen around 2.6 ± 0.5 months. The breeder holds traditional knows-how in several fields. The major constraints remain the mortality of the keets, the weak aptitude for the incubation, and the lack of technical knowledge on guinea fowl breeding. The proposals for a sustainable development of this activity will be focussed on the lifting of the identified constraints.