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Učitelji, nastavnici i pedagozi između ciljeva i evaluacije u nastavi

Teachers and pedagogues between aims and evaluation in classroom teaching
Authors: Matijević, Milan;

Učitelji, nastavnici i pedagozi između ciljeva i evaluacije u nastavi

Abstract

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Kritik an der auf den Lehrer und den Lehrplan orientierten Unterrichtsdidaktik bzw. der traditionellen Didaktik geübt, welche auch heutzutage noch immer in den Klassenzimmern der kroatischen Grund-und Mittelschulen vorherrscht. Trotz der Erkenntnisse der konstruktivistischen und Curriculumdidaktik sowie der Lerntheorien von Benjamin Bloom, Robert Gagné, Edgar Dale, Célestin Freinet und Maria Montessori ist den kroatischen Lehrern noch immer wichtiger die Frage nach der Realisierung von Lehrplänen als Lern – und Erziehungsergebnisse. Zur Überprüfung einiger Hypothesen wurde mit einem Fragebogen die Einschätzung der didaktischen Szenarien und die Zufriedenheit mit dem Unterricht untersucht: Die Stichprobe bestand aus Schülern der dritten Klasse Mittelschule (N=409) aus fünf kroatischen Städten. Die Mehrheit der Schüler findet, dass sie im Unterricht nicht genügend aktiv sind sowie dass sie sich im Unterricht langweilen. Sie finden auch, dass es nur wenige didaktische Situationen gibt, in denen diskutiert wird bzw. Probleme gelöst oder an Unterrichtsprojekten teilgenommen wird. Der größte Teil von Unterrichtssequenzen finden im Klassenzimmer statt, in denen fünfzehn Tische und dreißig Stühle in drei Kolonnen angeordnet sind, zugewandt zu der Vorderwand und der Schultafel, vor der Lehrer ihre Monologe und Präsentationen halten. Nach der Auswertung von Schülereinschätzungen und der Erklärung der in den kroatischen Klassenzimmern aufgenommenen Fotos schlägt der Autor einige Ideen für die interne Unterrichtsreform sowie ein umfangreicheres Angebot an didaktischen Lernszenarien vor, die Entwicklungsbedürfnisse der Schüler – Angehörigen der Internetgeneration – befriedigen könnten.

In this paper I am presenting a critique of teacher- and curriculum-oriented didactics, that is to say, a critique of the traditional didactics still prevalent in the classrooms of elementary and secondary schools in Croatia today. In spite of the insights of the constructivist and curricular didactics, and the learning theories of Benjamin Bloom, Robert Gagné, Edgar Dale, Célestin Freinet and Marija Montessori, Croatian teachers are still concerned with fulfilling programme requirements, rather than with learning and education outcomes. For the purpose of examining certain hypotheses, an opinion survey about didactic scenarios and satisfaction with classroom teaching was conducted on a sample of third grade secondary school students (N=409) from five Croatian towns. Majority of students estimate that they are insufficiently active in the classroom and that teaching is not particularly interesting. They also estimate that there are not enough didactic situations in which to communicate, participate in classroom projects or solve problems. For the most part, classroom teaching takes place in classrooms fitted with fifteen desks and thirty chairs aligned in three rows and facing the front wall and the blackboard, in front of which teachers deliver their monologues and presentations. Following the analysis of the students’ estimates and the clarification of photographs taken in Croatian classrooms, some ideas are presented for an internal reform of classroom teaching and for a richer range of didactic scenarios that might meet developmental needs of students – members of the Net Generation.

U ovom radu prezentirana je kritika didaktike nastave usmjerene prema učitelju i nastavnom programu odnosno kritika tradicionalne didaktike koja i danas još uvijek dominira u učionicama osnovnih i srednjih škola u Hrvatskoj. I osim spoznaja konstruktivističke i kurikulumske didaktike te teorija učenja Benjamina Blooma, Roberta Gagnéa, Edgara Dalea, Célestina Freineta i Marije Montessori hrvatskim učiteljima je još uvijek važno pitanje realizacije programa, a ne ishodi učenja i odgoja. Radi provjere nekih hipoteza upitnikom je ispitana procjena didaktičkih scenarija i zadovoljstva nastavom na uzorku učenika trećih razreda srednjih škola (N=409) iz pet hrvatskih gradova. Većina učenika procjenjuje da na nastavi nisu dovoljno aktivni te da im na nastavi nije dovoljno zanimljivo. Također, oni procjenjuju da nema dovoljno didaktičkih situacija u kojima se razgovara, sudjeluje u nastavnim projektima ili rješavaju problemi. Najveći dio nastavnih epizoda odvija se u učionicama u kojima je petnaest stolova i trideset stolica raspoređeno u tri kolone koje su okrenute prema prednjem zidu i ploči ispred koje nastavnici imaju svoje monologe i prezentacije. Nakon analize učeničkih procjena te objašnjenja fotografija koje su snimljene u učionicama hrvatskih škola autor predlaže neke ideje za unutarnju reformu nastave te za bogatiju ponudu didaktičkih scenarija koji bi mogli zadovoljiti razvojne potrebe učenika - pripadnika net generacije.

Country
Croatia
Keywords

schülerzentrierter Unterricht, srednja škola, net generacije, osnovna škola, cecondary school, Unterrichtscurriculum, nastavni kurikulum, nastava usmjerena prema učeniku, sekundarno obrazovanje, osnovna škola; sekundarno obrazovanje; net generacija; nastava usmjerena na učenika; nastavni kurikulum, Net Generation, Mittelschule, nastava usmjerena na učenika, teaching curriculum, elementary school, student oriented teaching, secondary school, Internetgeneration, student-oriented teaching, net generacija, Grundschule

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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