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Publikationer från KTH
Bachelor thesis . 2017
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Distributed biogas production for biogas fuel

Authors: Shah, Bilal;

Distributed biogas production for biogas fuel

Abstract

Regeringen har en vision om ett Sverige ska ha en fossiloberoende fordonsflotta år 2050. Transportsektorn står idag för en fjärdedel av Sveriges energianvändning och använder sig till 80 % av fossila bränslen. Uppgraderad biogas är ett förnybart och miljövänligt bränsle med en stor potential och spelar därför en viktig roll i omställningen till ett förnybart energisystem. Merparten av den potentiella biogasproduktionen kan kopplas till råmaterial från lantbruket så som gödsel och odlingsrester. Trots det står lantbruket endast för 3 % av den svenska biogasproduktion idag. Studier har visat att fordonsgasproduktion av substrat från en enskild gård inte är lönsam ut ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Den främsta orsaken till det är höga investerings- och driftkostnader för småskaliga uppgraderingsanläggningar. För att fordonsgas med grund i lantbruket ska vara ekonomiskt konkurrenskraftig krävs det att flera gårdar länkas samman för att gemensamt bidra till produktionen av fordonsgas. Vinstmarginalen är ofta liten och frågan om hur biogas från flera lantbruk ska distribueras och uppgraderas på ett lönsamt sätt är därför mycket viktig för att kunna öka användningen av fordonsgas. Distribuerad fordonsgasproduktion sker i både centraliserad och decentraliserad form. Den centraliserade formen är den vanligaste idag och bygger på transport av substrat från bondgårdar till en central biogasanläggning för att sedan föras vidare till uppgradering. Decentraliserad fordonsgasproduktion innebär att biogasanläggningar byggs i anslutning till gårdarna. Rågasen transporteras sedan till en uppgraderingsanläggning där den uppgraderas till fordonsgas. Det finns olika distributionstekniker som kan användas för decentraliserad fordonsgasproduktion. Transporten kan ske i lokala gasnät, i komprimerad form på lastväxlarflak samt i flytande form. Rapporten innefattar en studie som jämför olika decentraliserade system för fordonsgasproduktion. Scenarier med olika distributions- och uppgraderingstekniker simuleras och jämförs ur ett kostnadsperspektiv. Tre fiktiva gårdar med typiska produktionsvolymer används i simuleringarna. The Swedish government has a long-term vision of Sweden being a carbon-neutral society with a resourceefficient and sustainable energy system by 2050. The transport sector accounts for a quarter of Sweden's energy usage and 80 % of its energy consumption consists of fossil fuels. Biogas fuel is renewable, environmentally friendly and has a great potential. Hence, it plays an important role in the transition to a renewable energy system. The biggest potential of the biogas production can be linked to raw materials from agriculture, such as manure and crop residues. The potential is currently mostly untapped since only 3 % of biogas used today is produced in the agricultural sector. Biogas fuel production at farms is not profitable today since the investment cost of small scale upgrading plants is high. A method that has proven to be more economically feasible is to link several farms to a larger upgrading facility to produce biogas fuel. There are two methods used today to produce biogas fuel from farms: centralized and decentralized systems. The centralized production is the most common one and is based on transport of substrates from farms to a central biogas plant and then passed on to a large upgrading plant. Decentralized production involves biogas production in digesters located at each farm in the system. The raw gas is upgraded on site or transported to a central upgrading plant by road or pipeline where it is upgraded to biogas fuel. Finally, the gas is transported to a tank station. The biogas fuel can also be converted to liquid form as LBG (liquified biogas). This paper presents a number of scenarios to compare different solutions for decentralized biogas fuel production from an economic point of view. The scenarios involve both pipeline and road transport as well as various upgrading techniques. Fictive farms with typical production volumes are used in the simulation of the scenarios.

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Sweden
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Teknik och teknologier, Engineering and Technology

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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