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Doctoral thesis . 2011
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Doctoral thesis . 2011
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Concepts and tools for spatial analysis of uses conflicts - Applications to coastal zone (bay of Bourgneuf, Pays de Loire, France)

Authors: Tillier, Ion;

Concepts and tools for spatial analysis of uses conflicts - Applications to coastal zone (bay of Bourgneuf, Pays de Loire, France)

Abstract

La multiplicité et l'intensité d'usages ayant parfois des pratiques antagonistes génèrent de nombreux conflits en zone côtière. Ces concurrences pour les ressources et/ou l'espace s'expriment de différentes manières mais se posent fréquemment comme freins à la gestion des territoires. En, s'ils peuvent être considérés comme des vecteurs de changement, les conflits d'usages sont fréquemment utilisés comme stratégies d'acteurs pour prolonger un statu quo. Plus souvent abordés sous un angle social en Géographie, ces objets ont pourtant une origine et une inscription spatiales. L'explicitation des processus spatio-temporels menant à leur genèse représente un levier pour l'aide à leur résolution ou leur anticipation. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse s'organise autour de la recherche des concepts et outils mobilisables pour l'analyse spatiale des conflits d'usages. Ce questionnement amène tout d'abord à définir les concepts manipulés et à analyser les différentes approches existantes. Cette synthèse bibliographique permet de positionner ce que peut être une approche spatiale des conflits d'usages. Ensuite, à partir d'exemples en baie de Bourgneuf (Pays de Loire, France), le repérage et l'analyse des structures spatiales permettent de mettre en évidence l'existence d'archétypes d'interactions génératrices de conflits. Cette phase nourrit la formalisation d'un modèle conceptuel du système spatial de genèse des conflits d'usages. Sur la base de cette conception, des études spécifiques sur différentes problématiques (planification des zones de mouillages forains, développement de l'ostréiculture en mer, interactions pêche à pied/environnement) sont exposées. Celles-ci permettent de tester la pertinence d'outils de modélisation spatiale pour l'analyse des interactions. Cette partie mobilise un panel d'outils allant des chorèmes à la simulation individu-centrée en passant par la structuration de bases de données spatiales et l'utilisation d'algorithmes de combinaison de données spatio-temporelles. La mise en évidence de cas d'utilisation des différents concepts et outils utilisés et la formalisation le lien entre approche spatiale des conflits d'usages et développement de la géoprospective closent ce travail.

In coastal areas, a lot of human conflicts arise both from intense and numerous human uses that may be antagonistic. Even if these competitions for space or for resources take different forms, they may constitute an obstacle for any territorial management strategies. Actually, if these conflicts may be viewed as change promoters, they are also used by the stakeholders themselves to promote a statu quo. Beyond the social aspect of this issue, as traditionally investigated by most of the geographers, this subject area has an important spatial dimension. Explaining the spatial and the temporal processes from which these conflicts arise may be a good way to anticipate and even solve them. Keeping this in mind, this thesis aims at providing concepts and tools to suitably analyse different conflicts of use in a spatial perspective. We first defined the concepts used in this work, and analysed the different existing methods. This bibliographical analysis revealed what could be a spatial approach of the uses conflicts. Secondly, through the example of the Bay of Bourgneuf (Pays-de-Loire, France), the identification and the analysis of spatial structures allowed us to highlight different examples of interactions that generate conflicts. Thanks to this first step, we built a spatial conceptual model revealing the origins of uses conflicts. Taking this into account, particular studies were conducted on different themes: anchorage planning, oyster farming, interactions environment/ recreational shellfishing). These studies were conducted to assess the relevance of the different spatial modelling tools for interaction analyses. Different tools were used in this part of our work, including choremes, individual-based, creations of spatial databases, and algorithms. To put use cases of concepts and tools in an obvious place, we finally formalise the link between the spatial approach of uses conflicts and the development of geopropective.

Keywords

Aide à la décision, Interactions Nature-Société, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Spatial analysis, Modeling, Conflits d'usages, Modélisations, Analyse spatiale, Zone côtière, Uses conflicts, Coastal zone, Decisionmaking tool, Nature-Society Interactions

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green