Our project proposes to investigate the data from 1st millennium BC Babylonia to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the material culture. Pride of place will be given to the exceptionally rich textual data, which document objects and manufacturing processes which cannot be recovered from the material remains. The reconstruction of the material culture, defined as the sum total of man- made objects, implies studying the nature of these objects, but also an understanding of the identity and technology of those who made them and investigate how furniture, tools, weapons, etc. were used. Iron Age Babylonia is arguably the earliest period in which the impact of money and markets on production and consumption patterns for consumer goods can be studied. Our working hypothesis is that material culture not only sheds light on the technological changes, but also elucidates the consequences of monetization and wide-spread reliance on market exchange.