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handle: 10261/192626
[ES] Organogénesis. La formación de nuevos órganos, como brotes y raíces, hace posible la micropropagación y la regeneración de plantas a partir de células y tejidos seleccionados. Aquí mostraremos cómo ocurren a nivel morfológico. La regeneración de brotes adventicios a partir de tejidos foliares, que darán lugar a nuevos brotes, es un modelo que se ha utilizado con mucha frecuencia en cultivo in vitro. Las hojas forman un callo desorganizado que evoluciona y da como resultado la formación del ápice meristemático. Partiendo del callo como un tejido esponjoso, algunas áreas muestran células compactadas que después se recubren por una capa similar a una cutícula y luego se convierten en células epidérmicas. Finalmente, las divisiones celulares en la epidermis y en las capas celulares inmediatas dan lugar a una estructura de ápice meristemático. Este patrón de regeneración indirecta es aplicable a las especies de árboles frutales. Sin embargo, las plantas modelo, como la ornamental Kohleria, permiten la regeneración directa de brotes a partir de los tejidos de las hojas. Los brotes también pueden formarse por raíces (sierpes) y, como las raíces adventicias, su origen está en la proximidad del cambium, donde las células meristemáticas se organizan en meristemos apicales de tallo o raíz.
[EN] Organogenesis. The formation of new organs, such as shoots and roots, makes possible micropropagation and regeneration of plants from selected cells and tissues. Here we will show how they happen at a morphological level. The regeneration of adventitious buds from leaf tissues, which will give rise to new shoots, is a model that has been used very frequently in in vitro culture. Leaves form a disorganized callus that evolves and results in the formation of the meristematic apex. Starting from callus as a spongy tissue, some areas show compacted cells that later are covered by a cuticle-like layer and then become epidermal cells. Finally, cell division in the epidermis and inner cell layers gives rise to a meristematic apex structure. This pattern of indirect regeneration is applicable to fruit tree species. However, model plants, such as Kohleria hybrid, allow direct bud regeneration from leaf tissues. Shoots can also be formed by roots (suckering) and, like in adventitious roots, their origin is in the proximity of cambium tissue, where meristematic cells are organized into shoot or root apical meristems.
4 files (2 .pdf and 2 .mp4 formats) derived from a slide presentation with both Spanish and English versions. © The Authors. Under Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Este trabajo ha sido financiado en parte por el proyecto INIA-FEDER RTA2014-00056-C02-02 y por el Gobierno de Aragón (Grupo A12_17R)
Peer reviewed
micropropagation, Histology, Regeneración de plantas, rooting, microscopía electrónica de barrido, enraizamiento, frutales, rootstocks, Brotes y raíces adventicias, regeneración de plantas, histology, fruit trees, micropropagación, adventitious shoots and roots, Cultivo de tejidos vegetales, patrones, histología, plant regeneration, plant tissue culture, Scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Plant regeneration
micropropagation, Histology, Regeneración de plantas, rooting, microscopía electrónica de barrido, enraizamiento, frutales, rootstocks, Brotes y raíces adventicias, regeneración de plantas, histology, fruit trees, micropropagación, adventitious shoots and roots, Cultivo de tejidos vegetales, patrones, histología, plant regeneration, plant tissue culture, Scanning electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Plant regeneration
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