The objective of the RADIUS proposal is to develop a drone – based technology to: (1) Monitor the physical status and electronic functionality of both non safety – critical and safety - critical railway signalling assets (2) Execute specific maintenance activities. RADIUS will focus on: (1) The identification of the best drone technology to be used in the railway sector, considering mainly the signalling assets to be monitored, the characteristics of the lines, the maintenance actions to be implemented and the distances to be covered (2) The design a/o the utilization of drone solution and related payloads capabilities to integrate: a. Sensors, data collection and processing capabilities to allow the monitoring of signalling assets b. Wireless technology to be used to provide a secure communication channel between the drone and the peripheral device, and to allow contactless diagnostic and SW maintenance c. Use of EGNSS solutions for navigation and positioning, such as GALILEO and EGNOS (SBAS), enabling improved drone flight control and safe movements in the complex railways operational scenario d. The most secure data transmission solution to guarantee reliable and secure data exchanges, and embedded data analytics to perform assets monitoring, maintenance prediction analysis, and repairing actions avoiding railway track possession (3) The adaptation a/o redesign of the railway signalling assets to become drone – friendly for the maintenance activities, including the design of a docking station (4) The interaction with existing Intelligent Asset Management Systems (5) The interaction with current Traffic Management Systems, to improve the safe movements of drones within the railway (6) The planning of drone mission strategies in compliance with applicable regulations and with the complexity of the railway environment to fly Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (7) The practical demonstration of a proof of concept (TRL 6) system in a railway relevant environment.

Air Traffic Management (ATM) goals are to expedite the flow of air traffic while ensuring safety. Demand upon the ATM system is reaching its capacity levels, which introduces pressure on the economics of air transportation and accentuates the challenge of maintaining safety. Increased Automation promises to effectively balance the capacity issue while ensuring scalability and increasing resilience. Automation cements the modernisation of ATM in Europe, and SESAR solutions are a realisation of the sustained effort during past years towards this goal. SESAR considers the automation and digitalisation principles, transposed to the European ATM Master Plan. They are founded on the application of technology impacting profoundly on organisations and changing how people operate the ATM system. These three pillars together represent the TOP (Technology, Organisation, People) approach, and the impact of a solution can only be evaluated by addressing these three elements simultaneously. Digital solutions bring digital footprints (data). Data can be organised, transformed and exploited to quantify that impact as a function of technical, organizational, human and procedural dimensions. The quantification of this impact will be based on a deep knowledge of how ATM provides safety before and after the solution is deployed. Learning from past incidents and accidents by using natural language processing and data analysis together with gathering operational expertise will pave the way to enrich accumulated safety knowledge with a more pro-active monitoring of the system. FARO aims at bringing new lights about how safety and resilience are addressed in ATM, with 4 main objectives: the capitalisation on the existent knowledge of safety, the quantification of the impact of increasing the level of automation on ATM safety levels, the analysis of the impact of higher levels of automation on ATM resilience, and the provision of design guidelines and identification of future research needs

The SEC-AIRSPACE project aims to enable a more resilient ATM, by focusing on reducing the risks of virtualization and increased data-sharing between all components of the ATM infrastructure and the relevant stakeholders. The project will enhance the state-of-the-art security risk assessment methodology(ies) currently adopted in ATM with prominent cyber security components. Further, the project will investigate the potential of applying the concept of People Analytics (PA) to increase cyber security awareness in ATM organizations. The project results will be validated and demonstrated through two realistic use cases, involving relevant stakeholders.

The overall DAYDREAMS objective is to move forward the integration and use of data and artificial/human trustworthy intelligence together with context-driven HMI for prescriptive Intelligent Asset Management Systems (IAMS) in railway by (i) advancing in maintenance approach towards prescriptive asset management, (ii) improving the decision-making process by developing multi-objective decision optimisation approaches taking into account all implications of IAMS decisions in the railway environment, and (iii) reinforcing the role of the person-in-the-loop by designing and developing advanced context-driven HMIs to allow context- and risk-aware multiple-options decision-making processes. The HMI will allow the person-in-the-loop to: (i) properly access and visualise predictions/metrics and models, (ii) assess why and how the model predicts something, (iii) Steer models by setting parameters, and (iv) evaluate alternatives using parameter steering and extending this process through speculative execution. The DAYDREAMS objective will be assessed by validating the proposed solution using the following two-step approach: (i) A first validation at TRL 4 of the approaches (developed prescriptive asset management) using several internal scenarios and one scenario provided by the CFM IN2SMART2 project; (ii) A further validation of the DAYDREAMS methodologies integrated in a TRL 5 prototype using at least two scenarios: at least one internal scenario and the IN2SMART2 scenario. The validation will cover both the performances of the prototypes and its trust for future adoption in multi-actors environments. The validation will be carried out by defining evaluation and validation metrics and KPIs: (i) linked to asset management problems to be solved by the involved Infrastructure Managers (IMs) and related baselines, (ii) quantified and measurable; (iii) referred to high-level KPIs defined in the S2R IMPACT2 CFM project, and (iv) useful to address multi-objective optimisation.

IT security and risk management often ignore or underestimate the human factor (psychological, behavioural, societal, organisational and economic aspects) in the identification of cyber-risks, their quantitative economic impact and the costs of countermeasures. Cyber-attacks can harm intangible assets like reputation, IPR, expertise, and know-how. And there is severe imbalance between the efficiency of attacks and inadequate defences, due in part to the lack of quantitative information for decision makers to prioritise security investments. To foster a culture of risk management by an individual organisation or a complete sector, HERMENEUT answers: What is the real fallout of a data compromise and the long-run consequences on associated assets? What are the losses for intangible assets? Do other type of attacks (beyond data breach) severely impact intangible and tangible assets? HERMENEUT assesses vulnerabilities of organisations and corresponding tangible and intangible assets at risk, taking into account the business plans of the attacker, the commoditisation level of the target organisations, the exposure of the target and including human factors as well as estimating the likelihood that a potential cyber-attack exploits identified vulnerabilities. HERMENEUT’s cyber-security cost-benefit approach combines integrated assessment of vulnerabilities and their likelihoods with an innovative macro- and micro-economic model for intangible costs, delivering a quantitative estimation of the risks for an organisation or a business sector and investment guidelines for mitigation measures. 11 partners from 6 countries deliver an innovative methodology and advanced macro- and micro-economic models and make it available to the European research community. HERMENEUT implements its innovations in a decision support tool, tested with 2 users in healthcare and an IPR-intensive industry.