Increasing agricultural production systems' resilience and sustainable development is essential to cope with climate change, natural resource degradation, and economic vulnerability. The study aims to identify and assess methods, strategies, and policies that can increase the capacity of production systems to cope with current challenges and promote sustainable agricultural practices that support food security and environmental quality. To achieve the proposed objective, several indicators of agricultural production, economic efficiency, policy, and governance, etc., will be analyzed—indicators that reflect the performance of agricultural systems in the North-East Region, and allow for an assessment of their resilience and sustainability. The research methodology is based on the following methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, time-series analysis, and regression methods. The study contributes to the assessment and continuous monitoring of progress towards the goals of resilience and sustainable development of agricultural production systems in the North-East Region. The information base provided by the analyzed indicators contributes to the development of recommendations to promote the transition towards more sustainable agricultural practices and to support farmers in adopting resilient technologies and practices.