Regular physical activity (PA) plays a vital role in strengthening resilience in children and adolescents, standing out as a protective and effective tool for coping with the adversities of daily life. This study aims to analyze how physical activity impacts the development of resilience, highlighting its importance as a strategy for overcoming daily challenges and promoting overall well-being. Using the PRISMA 2020 methodology as a model, a total of 20 publications were collected from various sources of information, including Dialnet, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Scopus, PsycInfo, WOS, and PubMed. The analysis justifies how regular PA promotes physical well-being and the development of social-emotional skills such as self-regulation, self-control, and self-efficacy. On the other hand, it highlights how certain sports and recreational activities can strengthen resilience by helping to reduce negative emotions and their subsequent impact, which can trigger emotional or psychological disorders. Adolescents face different psychosocial challenges on a daily basis, which is why the need to integrate physical activity to improve health, education, and youth development is emphasized. In conclusion, physical activity not only enhances resilience but is also identified as an essential preventive and educational mechanism for overcoming the challenges of the current context. Similarly, some limitations are also discussed, highlighting the need to support future lines of research that expand the scientific literature on the benefits of PA on resilience and well-being.