The development of science and technology (S&T) is a crucial matter that has long been considered a top national policy and a driving force for socio-economic growth. Recent changes in policy mechanisms in this field have demonstrated strong, fundamental, comprehensive, and synchronized innovation in management mechanisms, operational mechanisms, and organizational structures. This article explores research materials on financial mechanisms for scientific and technological activities worldwide and in Vietnam. Both global and Vietnamese studies focus on issues related to financial resources and the allocation of these resources for science and technology, financial mechanisms, and the effectiveness of investments in science and technology. Some research in Vietnam concentrates on understanding the results of financial mechanisms on the development of science and technology.