This dataset contains the results of the experimental campaign and how data were collected on the the Co-UDlabs Transnational Access project: Characterization of thermal properties in sediment samples from urban drainage systems with temperature probes, by Langeveld et al. The Transnational Access project was funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101008626. The experiments were designed to further develop an innovative methodology for measuring sediment bed deposits in UDS based on temperature data analysis (Anta et al., 2022; Regueiro-Picallo et al., 2023). Particularly, the aim of these experiments was to prove the application of this methodology for measuring sewer sediment accumulation. Therefore, the main tasks of this project were the development of a system based on active temperature sensors and its application in the measurement of sediment thermal properties of UDS. Furthermore, this system included additional temperature sensors installed at different height locations to allow the estimation of the sediment depth. The purpose of these measurements is to deepen the understanding of sedimentation and sediment transport processes. The data are described so that others can use and reproduce.