Fig. 2 | The neurocranial cartilages of E. americanus PF 1795 based on computed tomography data. a–c, Cranial cartilages in estimated life position, with cartilages coloured in pairs in dorsal (a), ventral (b) and anterior (c) view. d,e, Mediolateral cartilages A in dorsal view (d) and median dorsal cartilage in ventral view (e) rendered with a vertical height map texture to emphasize the surface topology.f, Reconstruction of the forebrain relative to the cranial cartilages using a lamprey as a model9,52, shown in dorsal view.g, Cartilages in dorsal view,rendered transparent to show internal vasculature (red). h,i, Cartilages in preserved position in anterior view with dermal skeleton shown (h) and removed (i). Colours in a,b,c,f,h,i as in Fig.1 with the following additions.Green,dermal skeleton.Red dashed line represents inferred position of mouth in c,h,i. In d and e lighter colours denote areas closer to the camera. Abbreviations as in Fig. 1 with the following additions:antorb. proc,antorbital process;ext.vasc.op., external vascular openings;forebr.,forebrain;lat., lateral;medlat. cart,mediolateral cartilage;med. dors.cart,median dorsal cartilage;med., medial; med.vent.cart.,median ventral cartilage;med.vent. ridge,median ventral ridge;olf.bulb,olfactory bulb;pin., pineal organ;pin.op., pineal opening;vent.,ventral.Scale bar in a is shared by b,c; scale bar in d is shared by e.

Published as part of Dearden, Richard P., Lanzetti, Agnese, Giles, Sam, Johanson, Zerina, Jones, Andy S., Lautenschlager, Stephan, Randle, Emma & Sansom, Ivan J., 2023, The oldest three-dimensionally preserved vertebrate neurocranium, pp. 782-787 in Nature 621 on page 3, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06538-y, http://zenodo.org/record/8368403