The review presents data on the causative agent of coronavirus infection, its impact on the bodies of children with iron deficiency anemia, and describes the peculiarities of children's immune response to the virus. All of this data indicates that the study of the peculiarities of COVID-19 progression and immune response in children with anemia is a relevant issue in modern medicine. Finding a solution to this issue will help understand the pathogenesis of this condition and develop effective approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, taking into account the age-specific characteristics of children.