Adhesive shoulder capsulitis, also called arthrofibrosis, is a complex medical condition characterized by excessive scar tissue around the glenohumeral joint, causing stiffness, pain, and reduced functionality. Its historical evolution, from "scapulohumeral periarthritis" to "adhesive capsulitis," traces back to the 20th century. However, the underlying pathology remains unclear, posing diagnostic and treatment challenges. The condition progresses through phases: pain, stiffness, and eventual recovery, each with distinct clinical features. Emerging research shifts the understanding from fibrosis-focused to inflammation and fibrosis combined. Risk factors include age, gender, prior shoulder trauma, and diabetes. It primarily affects older individuals, women, and those with medical comorbidities, particularly diabetes. Diagnosis relies on identifying specific markers like capsule contracture, synovial loss, and adhesions, while differentiation from similar shoulder disorders is crucial. Treatment encompasses non-operative options (physical therapy, medication) and more invasive interventions (manipulation under anesthesia, arthroscopic capsulotomy). This review offers a broad view of adhesive capsulitis, covering its history, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and various treatments. By exploring its multifaceted dimensions, the aim is to improve understanding and management of this intricate condition, enhancing the lives of those affected.