Abstract Piezoelectric materials are materials that can convert mechanical stress into electric charge, or vice versa. They have a unique crystal structure that allows them to exhibit this effect. Piezoelectric materials have wide applications in energy conversion, sensors, drives, and frequency control. In this review, we will introduce the basic principles and properties of piezoelectric materials, and discuss the different types and categories of piezoelectric materials based on their composition, structure, and performance. We will also highlight some of the current and emerging applications of piezoelectric materials in various fields and industries.

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