This dataset is a global estimate of monthly vegetation and soil fractions using spatio-temporally adaptive spectral mixture analysis from 2001-2011. The file is a compressed month-by-month GeoTIFF data for each year, according to the grid of longitude 60° and Latitude 50°. Since the dataset for each year includes 216 files, named as “SMA_year_(month-1)_gridid.tif”, like “SMA_2001_0_0.tif”. The dataset from 2012-2022 can be found in another Zenodo (10.5281/zenodo.8331843) The dataset can be also exported from GEE by our code or achieved by request from authors. Here is a schematic of global girds and id 65N 2 5 8 11 14 17 15N 1 4 7 10 13 16 35S 0 3 6 9 12 15 150W 90W 30W 30E 90E 150E