Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to pose a significant global health burden, demanding novel strategies to combat this devastating pandemic. Gene therapy, a cutting-edge therapeutic approach, has emerged as a promising avenue for revolutionizing the treatment landscape by offering a potential cure for HIV and AIDS. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the advancements made in gene therapy research, highlighting the diverse modalities employed and their efficacy in combating HIV infection. From traditional gene editing tools, such as zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases, to the breakthrough CRISPR-Cas9 system, this appraisal delves into the gene editing technologies employed to target and manipulate the HIV genome. Additionally, the versatile approaches utilized in gene therapy, including gene augmentation, gene silencing, and immune cell engineering, are explored in the context of HIV and AIDS treatment. Furthermore, we addressed ethical considerations associated with this revolutionary approach. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of gene therapy for HIV and AIDS, this review aims to inspire further research and foster the development of curative strategies, paving the way towards an eventual cure for this global health crisis.