Conversion therapy is a set of practices aimed at changing or altering a person's sexual orientation or gender identity. It is practiced in every region of the world by health professionals, religious practitioners, and community or family members, frequently with or without the state's support. Conversion therapy is carried out despite evidence that it is ineffective and likely to cause individuals significant or severe physical and mental pain and suffering, as well as long-term harm. Narrative review conducted to summaries the roles of social workers in conversion therapy, all studies were included published in English language up to the end of 2022. There is no empirical evidence to support pathologizing or medicalizing sexual orientation and gender identity differences. According to studies, sexual orientation variation is widespread, and there is significant variation in patterns of sexual and gender expression both between individuals and within individuals over time. Conversion therapy creates an environment that is inherently discriminatory. Even if a person desires therapy, they may be motivated by self-hatred or a conflict between their actual sexual orientation or gender identity and the self-image that they believe is safe or acceptable to present to themselves and others.