{"references": ["1. Al kayat A, Bramley P: A modified pre-auricular approach to the Temporo-mandibular joint and molar arch. British Journal of Oral Surgery, 1979; 17:91-103. 2. Feinberg SE, Larsen PE: The use of a pedicled temporalis muscle-pericranial flap for replacement of the TMJ disc: preliminary report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1989; 47: 142-146. 3. Herbosa EG, Rotskoff KS: Composite temporalis pedicle flap as an interpositional graft in temporomandibular joint arthroplasty: a preliminary report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1990; 48(11): 1049-1056. 4. Kaban LB, Perrott DH, Fisher K, Topazian RG: A Protocol", "for Management of Temporo-mandibular Joint Ankylosis. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1990; 48(11):1145-1151. 5. Kazanjian VH: Temporo-mandibular ankylosis with mandibular retrusion. American Journal of Surgery, 1955;90: 905-910. 6. Laskin DM: Role of the meniscus in the etiology of post traumatic temporomandibular joint ankylosis. International Journal of Oral Surgery, 1978;7(4):340- 345. 7. Lindqvist C, Pihakari A, Tasanen A, Hampf G: Autogenous costochondral grafts in TMJ arthroplasty. A survey of 66 arthroplasties in 60 patients. Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 1986; 14(3):143-149. 8. Pogrel MA, Kaban LB: The role of a temporalis fascia and muscle flap in temporomandibular joint surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1990; 48 (1):14-19. 9. Smith JA, Sandler NA, Ozaki WH, Braun TW: Subjective and objective assessment of the temporal myofascial flap in previously operated temporomandibular joints. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999; 57(9):1058-1065. 10. Su-Gwan K: Treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis with temporalis muscle and fascia flap. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2001;30(3):189-193. 11. Umeda H, Kaban LB, Pogrel MA,Stren M, Rotskoff KS: Long-term viability of temporalis muscle/fascia flap used for temporomandibular reconstruction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 1993;51(5):530-534."]}

Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an extremely disabling affliction that causes problems in mastication, digestion, speech, appearance and hygiene. Surgery of TMJ ankylosis needs careful evaluation and planning to yield predictable results. Ankylosis may be corrected surgically by an array of procedures like gap arthroplasty, joint reconstruction and interpositional arthroplasty. Though many types of autogenous grafts and alloplastic materials are available for the interpositioning, the temporalis muscle graft offers significant advantages like ease of harvesting, minimal donor site morbidity and effective coverage of the arthroplasty site. The efficacy of the same is highlighted in this article by its application in four cases of TMJ ankylosis.