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{"references": ["1. Adams C D, Meikle M C, Norwick K W, Turpin D L: Dentofacial remodelling produced by intermaxillary forces in Macaca mulatta. Archives of Oral Biology, 1972;17(11):1519-1535.", "2. Beckwith F R, Ackerman R J (Jr), Cobb C M, Tira D E: An evaluation of factors affecting duration of orthodontic treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1999; 115:439-447", "3. Cope J B, Buschang P H, Cope D D, Parker J, Blackwood H O 3rd: Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial changes with Jasper Jumper therapy. Angle Orthodontist, 1994;64 (2):113-122.", "4. Freeman D C, McNamara J A (Jr), Tiziano Baccetti T, Franchi L, Frankel C: Long \u2013 term treatment effects of the FR-2 appliance of Frankel. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2009; 135(5): 570.e1-570.e6.", "5. Gianelly A A, Arena S A, Bernstein L: A comparison of Class II treatment changes noted with the light wire, edgewise, and Frankel appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics , 1984;86(4):269-276", "6. Hassel B, Farman A G: Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae. American Journal of Orthodontisc & Dentofacial Orthopedics, 1995; 107(1):58-66.", "7. Heinig N, Goz G: Clinical application and effects of the Forsus spring. A study of a new Herbst hybrid. Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, 2001;62(6):436\u2013450", "8. Jones G, Buschang P H, Kim K B, Oliver D R: Class II non-extraction patients treated with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device versus intermaxillary elastics. Angle Orthodontist, 2008;78(2): 332-338.", "9. Karacay S, Akin E, Olmez H, Gurton A U, and Sagdic D: Forsus Nitinol Flat Spring and Jasper Jumper corrections of Class II division:1 malocclusions. Angle Orthodontist, 2006;76(4):666\u2013672.", "10. Nelson B, Hansen K, Hagg U: Class II correction in patients treated with class II elastics and with fixed functional appliances: a comparative study. American Journal Of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2000;118(2):142\u2013149.", "11. Pancherz, H: Treatment of class II malocclusions by jumping the bite with the Herbst appliance: A Cephalometric investigation. American Journal Of Orthodontics, 1979;76(4):423\u2013442."]}
Fixed functional appliances are valuable tools introduced to assist in the correction of skeletal class II malocclusions at the deceleration stage of growth for achieving stable results. The most commonly used such appliances are the Herbst appliance and the Jasper jumper. The recent advance in the field of fixed functional appliance is the Forsus appliance. We are reporting a 16 year old patient with a skeletal class II malocclusion treated using the Forsus appliance. The appliance was worn for 4 months after the initial alignment with fixed mechanotherapy (MBT O22). The mandible was brought forward to a class I skeletal and dental relationship by the end of this treatment.
Fixed functional appliance, Forsus, Class II malocclusion, Growth modulation
Fixed functional appliance, Forsus, Class II malocclusion, Growth modulation
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